{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:03:20Z","timestamp":1792202600976,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interleukin (IL)-24 is a multifunction cytokine in infectious diseases and cancers. IL-17-secreting CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T (Th17) and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T (Tc17) cells promotes pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver disorders. However, the regulatory role of IL-24 to Th17\/Tc17 cell response was not fully elucidated during HBV infection and HBV-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 27 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 42 HBV-HCC patients and 17 normal controls (NC). Liver-infiltrating lymphocytes (LILs) were prepared from tumor and para-tumor tissues of 17 HBV-HCC patients, whereas CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in LILs were purified. LILs were stimulated with recombinant human IL-24. CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL-17\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Th17 cells and CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL-17\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tc17 cells were investigated by flow cytometry. IL-24 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Purified CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells were polarized for Th17 cells, and the regulatory role of IL-24 to liver-infiltrating Th17 polarization was assessed. There were no significant differences of peripheral Th17 or Tc17 cell percentage among NC, CHB, and HBV-HCC patients. Liver-infiltrating Th17 and Tc17 cell proportion was reduced in tumor tissues compared with para-tumor tissues. In contrast, plasma IL-24 level was increased in CHB and HBV-HCC patients. Exogenous IL-24 stimulation (10 or 100\u2009ng\/mL)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    downregulated of Th17 frequency and IL-17 secretion in LILs from both para-tumor and tumor tissues without affecting cellular proliferation or Tc17 percentage. Only 100\u2009ng\/mL of IL-24 inhibited tumor-infiltrating Th17 polarization, and this process was accompanied by suppression of nuclear factor-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B (NF-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. In conclusion, IL-24 might dampen Th17 cell response through NF-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B pathway in HBV-HCC tumor microenvironment. Elevated IL-24 might enhance anti-tumor immune response in HBV-HCC patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2021.0174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1643625094000},"page":"212-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Minqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honglei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1418251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-019-01146-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i9.1167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9919-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0b013e32833cfbe1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"326","article-title":"The association between peripheral Th17, Th1, IL-17, and IFN-gamma levels and TACE response in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with or without cirrhosis","volume":"52","author":"Hasan I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasan I, , Gani RA, , Lesmana LA, et al. The association between peripheral Th17, Th1, IL-17, and IFN-gamma levels and TACE response in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with or without cirrhosis. Acta Med Indones, 2020; 52:326\u2013333.","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00380-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.1198.11.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2018.0018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2011.534461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-3022-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1167-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2018.1435046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2016.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-016-1797-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-6458-6_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2018.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.699060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1602087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-016-6383-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2392-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.2006.370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9367-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-20-480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-010-0654-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S184809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01401"}],"container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vim.2021.0174","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vim.2021.0174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vim.2021.0174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:31:36Z","timestamp":1773246696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vim.2021.0174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vim.2021.0174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vim.2021.0174","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-8245","1557-8976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}