{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:17:40Z","timestamp":1778707060527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus that is enzootic throughout the new world. Although CVV is known as an important agricultural pathogen, primarily associated with embryonic lethality and abortions in ruminants, it has recently been recognized for its expansion as a zoonotic pathogen. With the increased emergence of bunyaviruses with human and veterinary importance, there have been significant efforts dedicated to the development of bunyavirus vaccines. In this study, the immunogenicity of a candidate live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) for CVV, which contains the deletion of the nonstructural small (NSs) and nonstructural medium (NSm) genes (2delCVV), was evaluated and compared with an autogenous candidate vaccine created through the inactivation of CVV using binary ethylenimine (BEI) with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (BEI-CVV) in sheep. Both 2delCVV and BEI-CVV produced a neutralizing antibody response that exceeds the correlate of protection, that is, plaque reduction neutralization test titer &gt;10. However, on day 63 postinitial immunization, 2delCVV was more immunogenic than BEI-CVV. These results warrant further development of 2delCVV as a candidate LAV and demonstrate that the double deletion of the NSs and NSm genes can be applied to the development of vaccines and as a common attenuation strategy for orthobunyaviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2022.0103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T14:26:46Z","timestamp":1673274406000},"page":"41-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Immunogenicity Between a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine and an Inactivated Vaccine for Cache Valley Virus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Victoria B.","family":"Ayers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jang S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Hettenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So Lee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Higgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana L.","family":"Vanlandingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0132"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","author":"Baer A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baer A, , Kehn-Hall K. Viral concentration determination through plaque assays: Using traditional and novel overlay systems. J Vis Exp, 2014(93):e52065.","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(90)90083-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06046-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01933-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05252-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.664"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-1069-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.051625"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.03.337"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001639"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010146"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006884"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01859-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v5102447"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01184.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3383.1187"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1821"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001365"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0140"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.14.7999-8008.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02729-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020314"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1810"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00252-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","unstructured":"OIE. Terrestrial code-Rift Valley fever. 2014;2. Available from: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/?id=169&L=1&htmfile=chapitre_rvf.htm [Last accessed: May 17 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2008.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00579-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001823"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02849-15"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Cache Valley virus and related viruses in sheep and other livestock from Saskatchewan, Canada","volume":"59","author":"Uehlinger FD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uehlinger FD, , Wilkins W, , Godson DL, et al. Seroprevalence of Cache Valley virus and related viruses in sheep and other livestock from Saskatchewan, Canada. Can Vet J, 2018; 59(4):413\u2013418.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"Marker vaccines and the impact of their use on diagnosis and prophylactic measures","volume":"26","author":"Vannie P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vannie P, , Capua I, , Le Potier M, et al. Marker vaccines and the impact of their use on diagnosis and prophylactic measures. Rev Sci Tech, 2007; 26(2):351\u2013372.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-66-3-473"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.05.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2212.160718"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24982"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","first-page":"590","article-title":"Fatal Cache Valley virus meningoencephalitis associated with rituximab maintenance therapy","volume":"93","author":"Yang Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang Y, , Qiu J, , Snyder-Keller A, et al. Fatal Cache Valley virus meningoencephalitis associated with rituximab maintenance therapy. Am J Hepatol, 2018; 93(4):590\u2013594.","journal-title":"Am J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0103","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:36:48Z","timestamp":1773247008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vim.2022.0103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0103","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-8245","1557-8976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}}}