{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:00:33Z","timestamp":1773313233617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging arbovirus that affects both ruminants and humans. RVFV causes severe and recurrent outbreaks in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula with a significant risk for emergence into new locations. Although there are a variety of RVFV veterinary vaccines for use in endemic areas, there is currently no licensed vaccine for human use; therefore, there is a need to develop and assess new vaccines. Herein, we report a live-attenuated recombinant vaccine candidate for RVFV, based on the previously described genomic reconfiguration of the conditionally licensed MP12 vaccine. There are two general strategies used to develop live-attenuated RVFV vaccines, one being serial passage of wild-type RVFV strains to select attenuated mutants such as Smithburn, Clone 13, and MP12 vaccine strains. The second strategy has utilized reverse genetics to attenuate RVFV strains by introducing deletions or insertions within the viral genome. The novel candidate vaccine characterized in this report contains a two-segmented genome that lacks the medium viral segment (M) and two virulence genes (nonstructural small and nonstructural medium). The vaccine candidate, named r2segMP12, was evaluated for the production of neutralizing antibodies to RVFV in outbred CD-1 mice. The immune response induced by the r2segMP12 vaccine candidate was directly compared to the immune response induced by the rMP12 parental strain vaccine. Our study demonstrated that a single immunization with the r2segMP12 vaccine candidate at 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    plaque-forming units elicited a higher neutralizing antibody response than the rMP12 vaccine at the same vaccination titer without the need for a booster.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2022.0104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T15:48:35Z","timestamp":1668786515000},"page":"33-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immunogenicity of a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine for Rift Valley Fever Virus with a Two-Segmented Genome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Victoria B.","family":"Ayers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jang S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4707-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Higgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana L.","family":"Vanlandingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."},{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9719-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7346294"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3103-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02501-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.06046-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20624"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003922"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05252-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.664"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-66-10-2271"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19506-en"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Hydrops amnii in sheep associated with hydranencephaly and arthrogryposis with Wesselsbron disease and Rift Valley fever viruses as aetiological agents","volume":"44","author":"Coetzer JA","year":"1977","unstructured":"Coetzer JA, , Barnard BJ. Hydrops amnii in sheep associated with hydranencephaly and arthrogryposis with Wesselsbron disease and Rift Valley fever viruses as aetiological agents. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 1977; 44(2):119\u2013126.","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.085"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006884"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5030029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/002097-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2017.01.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Teratogenicity of a mutagenised Rift Valley fever virus (MVP 12) in sheep","volume":"69","author":"Hunter P","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hunter P, , Erasmus BJ, , Vorster JH. Teratogenicity of a mutagenised Rift Valley fever virus (MVP 12) in sheep. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 2002; 69(1):95\u201398.","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1321482"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00135-15"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Rift valley fever vaccines","volume":"27","author":"Ikegami T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ikegami T, , Makino S. Rift valley fever vaccines. Vaccine, 2009; 27 Suppl 4D69\u2013D72; doi:10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.046","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v3050493"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.6.2933-2940.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-020-0346-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002670"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-94"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2021-0009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90006-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17101-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700400106"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004550"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-125"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00114-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.10.1104"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010033"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(99)00218-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.89.5.660"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2008.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.020195"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rift Valley fever; the neurotropic adaptation of the virus and the experimental use of this modified virus as a vaccine","volume":"30","author":"Smithburn KC","year":"1949","unstructured":"Smithburn KC. Rift Valley fever; the neurotropic adaptation of the virus and the experimental use of this modified virus as a vaccine. Br J Exp Pathol, 1949; 30(1):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00212-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79267-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00476-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01238-07"}],"container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0104","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0104","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:36:50Z","timestamp":1773247010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vim.2022.0104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vim.2022.0104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-8245","1557-8976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}}}