{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:55:11Z","timestamp":1773312911968,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important etiologies of acute respiratory infections that cause bronchiolitis in children under 5 years of age. Treatments are expensive, no vaccine is available, and this is an important cause of hospitalization. Costimulatory molecules have been reported to be good inducers of antiviral type 1 immune response. This study aimed to generate a recombinant vaccine with the RSV F protein fused to 4-1BBL to evaluate the activation of an antiviral response\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the production of neutralizing antibodies\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The codon-optimized F gene was subcloned into an expression vector as follows: streptavidin core, gene F, and costimulatorytumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 -TNFRS9- ligand (4-1BBL). After the induction of expression in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    C43, the recombinant protein (SA-F3x-4-1BBL, denominated SF4) was purified and verified by western blotting. Cultured RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with SF4 protein, then tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), p38, and nuclear factor \u03ba-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) were analyzed by western blot, and mRNA cytokines were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Finally, male C57BL\/6 mice were inoculated with SF4, and the generation of anti-RSV neutralizing antibodies and serum cytokines was examined. SF4 had a size of 84.4 kDa with a 5.6% yield. SA-F-4-1BBL upregulated TRAF2, TNF-\u03b1, and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 expression levels and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF\u2212\u03ba\u0392 pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Importantly, antibodies capable of neutralizing RSV infection and producing type 1 cytokines were detected in the sera of immunized animals. These results suggest that the fusion protein SF4 activates the 4-1BBL signaling pathway, resulting in an effective antiviral response mediated by neutralizing antibodies and antiviral cytokines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2024.0072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T07:41:11Z","timestamp":1736494871000},"page":"23-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of an F Protein-Based Recombinant Protein for Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mercado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Berenice","family":"Barr\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayline","family":"Romo-Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"C\u00f3rdova-D\u00e1valos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio C.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Unit from Zacatecas, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio E.","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Unit from Zacatecas, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico."},{"name":"National Council for the Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Montes de Oca-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9711-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Cervantes-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico."},{"name":"National Council for the Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114035"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-006-0064-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1215323"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8368-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01675"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6193"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120957"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000138"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880368"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010096"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"RSV respiratory infection in children under 5 y.o.\u2013dynamics of the immune response Th1\/Th2 and IgE","volume":"67","author":"Gut W","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gut W, , Pancer K, , Abramczuk E, et al. 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