{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T09:55:19Z","timestamp":1778838919105,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women's Health Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the rising prevalence of infertility, studies have indicated that in the United States fertility awareness remains low. No published study to date, however, has investigated the impact of any racial or ethnic disparities in fertility awareness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a cross-sectional survey of people self-identifying as female, aged 18\u201345 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">via<\/jats:italic>\n                      Amazon Mechanical Turk in August 2020. The study was approved by the institutional review board at the University of Colorado. The survey consisted of demographic questions and a validated questionnaire, the Fertility and Infertility Treatment Knowledge Score (FIT-KS). Participants were classified as non-Hispanic White (NHW) or \u201cMinority\u201d race\/ethnicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 476 women completed the survey, 405 of which were included in analysis. Of those, 54.6% self-identified as NHW and 45.4% were in the Minority group. The median FIT-KS was 51.7% (16 items answered correctly). The Minority group scored significantly lower than the NHW participants overall (58.6% vs. 48.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and in all three subscales (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The Minority group was significantly more likely to underestimate the rate of miscarriage (47.3% vs. 32.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and had a lower awareness of risk factors that can impact fertility including smoking (88.7% vs. 71.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), obesity (90.5% vs. 70.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and\/or a history of gonorrhea\/chlamydia infection (83.7% vs. 64.7%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minority women appear to have a lower fertility awareness than their NHW counterparts. Addressing these disparities and improving fertility education in diverse communities may lead to a reduction in clinically significant infertility disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/whr.2021.0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T15:13:51Z","timestamp":1629472431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Fertility Awareness Among Reproductive-Aged Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9556-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana R.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanelle","family":"Sheeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Polotsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1348889"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"e130","article-title":"Committee Opinion No","volume":"126","author":"Racial and ethnic disparities in obstetrics and gynecology","year":"2015","unstructured":"Racial and ethnic disparities in obstetrics and gynecology. Committee Opinion No. 649. Am Coll Obstetr Gynecol, 2015; 126:e130\u2013e134.","journal-title":"649. Am Coll Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr026"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr040"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infertility and Impaired Fecundity in the United States, 1982\u20132010: Data From the National Survey of Family Growth National Center for Health Statistics","volume":"67","author":"Chandra A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chandra A, , Copen CE, , Stephen EH. Infertility and Impaired Fecundity in the United States, 1982\u20132010: Data From the National Survey of Family Growth National Center for Health Statistics. Natl Health Stat Report, 2013; 67:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. 2015\u20132017 National Survey of Family Growth Public-Use Data and Documentation. 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