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Selection for parasite manipulation is diminished when there is significant risk of host death to causes other than consumption by a suitable definitive host for the parasite. Consequently, behavioral manipulation by parasites can be expected to be subtle.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Op<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a trematode parasite that has a bird\u2013snail\u2013fish host life cycle. Fathead minnows are a common intermediate host of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Op<\/jats:italic>\n                    , where metacercariae encyst in the minnow brain. In this study, we report a link between metacercarial intensity and behavior in fathead minnows. In the field, we found that roaming distance by free-living minnows over 24\u2009h was negatively correlated with parasite intensity. In the laboratory, we found that boldness in an open field test was positively correlated with parasite intensity. These parasite-induced behavioral changes may render infected minnows more susceptible to predators, which would serve to facilitate trophic transmission of parasites to the bird host.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2015.1185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]],"date-time":"2016-04-19T14:25:20Z","timestamp":1461075920000},"page":"248-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bold, Sedentary Fathead Minnows Have More Parasites"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Gladen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sehoya","family":"Cotner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Cotner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota State University Moorhead"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Wisenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota State University Moorhead"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01397-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01174.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415971112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore J: Parasites and the Behavior of Animals. 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