{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:17:09Z","timestamp":1774628229960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,2,1]],"date-time":"1993-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":728524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human placenta contains a high level of 2\u2032,5\u2032-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase activity of the 100-kD form of the enzyme. About 20% of the placental 2-5A synthetase activity was found to be cytosolic, whereas the remaining 80% was released by 0.5 M KCl in the presence of detergent. Most of the enzyme activity was localized in trophoblast cells, which also contain a high level of 2-5A-dependent RNase L activity. The purified trophoblast 100-kD 2-5A synthetase was shown to be activated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 5\u2032 RNA 1-311 and 1-707, which both contain the TAR and primer binding site (PBS) structured regions. These two HIV-1 RNAs activated human trophoblast 2-5A synthetase at the same level as poly(I) \u00b7 poly (C), a standard highly efficient activator of the enzyme, and at the same optimal concentration. On the contrary, HIV-1 RNA 311-618, a poorly structured region missing TAR and PBS, was shown to be a poor activator of the enzyme. The specific cellular location of the 2-5 A synthetase and its efficient activation by HIV 5\u2032 RNA favors the idea that the trophoblast 2-5A system negatively controls HIV replication in trophoblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1993.9.189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,16]],"date-time":"2009-03-16T13:50:24Z","timestamp":1237211424000},"page":"189-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High Levels of 2\u2032,5\u2032-01igoadenylate Synthetase and 2\u2032,5\u2032-Oligoadenylate-Dependent Endonuclease in Human Trophoblast"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"G.Y.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Beltchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.H.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Malassin\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bisbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ehresmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ehresmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.L.","family":"Darlix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.N.","family":"Thang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,2,1]]},"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:41:25Z","timestamp":1774626085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.1993.9.189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.189","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}}}