{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:21:54Z","timestamp":1776864114633,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Mathematical Society (AMS)","issue":"302","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490140800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ams.org\/publications\/copyright-and-permissions"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1419029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1419029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Math. Comp."],"abstract":"<p>\n                    We design and analyze\n                    <italic>the first<\/italic>\n                    hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for stationary, third-order linear equations in one-space dimension. The methods are defined as discrete versions of characterizations of the exact solution in terms of local problems and transmission conditions. They provide approximations to the exact solution\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"u\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>u<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    and its derivatives\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"q colon equals u prime\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>q<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>:=<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:msup>\n                              <mml:mi>u<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mo>\u2032<\/mml:mo>\n                            <\/mml:msup>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">q:=u\u2019<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    and\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"p colon equals u\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>:=<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>u<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p:=u<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    which are piecewise polynomials of degree\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"k Subscript u\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mi>u<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k_u<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    ,\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"k Subscript q\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mi>q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k_q<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    and\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"k Subscript p\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k_p<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , respectively. We consider the methods for which the difference between these polynomial degrees is at most two. We prove that all these methods have superconvergence properties which allows us to prove that their numerical traces converge at the nodes of the partition with order at least\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"2 k plus 1\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mspace width=\"thinmathspace\"\/>\n                            <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">2\\,k+1<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , where\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"k\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is the minimum of\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"k Subscript u Baseline comma k Subscript q Baseline\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mi>u<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mi>q<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k_u,k_q<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , and\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"k Subscript p\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k_p<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    . This allows us to use an element-by-element post-processing to obtain new approximations for\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"u comma q\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>u<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u, q<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    and\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"p\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    converging with order at least\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"2 k plus 1\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">2k+1<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    uniformly. Numerical results validating our error estimates are displayed.\n                  <\/p>","DOI":"10.1090\/mcom\/3091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T10:12:35Z","timestamp":1438164755000},"page":"2715-2742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Superconvergent HDG methods for linear, stationary, third-order equations in one-space dimension"],"prefix":"10.1090","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Yanlai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Cockburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1220","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1972.0032","article-title":"Model equations for long waves in nonlinear dispersive systems","volume":"272","author":"Benjamin, T. 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