{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:58:43Z","timestamp":1777755523932,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Mathematical Society (AMS)","issue":"323","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ams.org\/publications\/copyright-and-permissions"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00c3\u00ada y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MTM2015-68524-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTM2015-68524-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00c3\u00ada y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2018-01-1313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2018-01-1313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MTM2015-68524-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTM2015-68524-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2018-01-1313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2018-01-1313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Math. Comp."],"abstract":"<p>\n                    We study how the torsion of elliptic curves over number fields grows upon base change, and in particular prove various necessary conditions for torsion growth. For a number field\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper F\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , we show that for a large set of number fields\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper L\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>L<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">L<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , whose Galois group of their normal closure over\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper F\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    has certain properties, it will hold that\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E left-parenthesis upper L right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s Baseline equals upper E left-parenthesis upper F right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>L<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E(L)_{\\operatorname {tors}}=E(F)_{\\operatorname {tors}}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    for all elliptic curves\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    defined over\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper F\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    .\n                  <\/p>\n                  <p>\n                    Our methods turn out to be particularly useful in studying the possible torsion groups\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E left-parenthesis upper K right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E(K)_{\\operatorname {tors}}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , where\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper K\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is a number field and\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is a base change of an elliptic curve defined over\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"double-struck upper Q\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                            <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\mathbb {Q}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    . Suppose that\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is a base change of an elliptic curve over\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"double-struck upper Q\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                            <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\mathbb {Q}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    for the remainder of the abstract. We prove that\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E left-parenthesis upper K right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s Baseline equals upper E left-parenthesis double-struck upper Q right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                              <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E(K)_{\\operatorname {tors}}=E(\\mathbb {Q})_{\\operatorname {tors}}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    for all elliptic curves\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    defined over\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"double-struck upper Q\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                            <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\mathbb {Q}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    and all number fields\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper K\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    of degree\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"d\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">d<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , where\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"d\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">d<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is not divisible by a prime\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"less-than-or-equal-to 7\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo>\n                              \u2264\n                              \n                            <\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>7<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\leq 7<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    . Using this fact, we determine all the possible torsion groups\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E left-parenthesis upper K right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E(K)_{\\operatorname {tors}}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    over number fields\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper K\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    of prime degree\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"p greater-than-or-equal-to 7\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>\n                              \u2265\n                              \n                            <\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>7<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p\\geq 7<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    . We determine all the possible degrees of\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"left-bracket double-struck upper Q left-parenthesis upper P right-parenthesis colon double-struck upper Q right-bracket\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">[<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                              <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mo>:<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                              <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">]<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">[\\mathbb {Q}(P):\\mathbb {Q}]<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , where\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper P\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">P<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is a point of prime order\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"p\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    for all\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"p\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    such that\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"p not-identical-to 8 left-parenthesis mod 9 right-parenthesis\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2262<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>8<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mspace width=\"0.667em\"\/>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>mod<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mspace width=\"0.333em\"\/>\n                            <mml:mn>9<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p\\not \\equiv 8 \\pmod 9<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    or\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"left-parenthesis StartFraction negative upper D Over p EndFraction right-parenthesis equals 1\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mfrac>\n                                <mml:mrow>\n                                  <mml:mo>\n                                    \u2212\n                                    \n                                  <\/mml:mo>\n                                  <mml:mi>D<\/mml:mi>\n                                <\/mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mfrac>\n                              <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\left ( \\frac {-D}{p}\\right )=1<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    for any\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper D element-of StartSet 1 comma 2 comma 7 comma 11 comma 19 comma 43 comma 67 comma 163 EndSet\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>D<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>\n                              \u2208\n                              \n                            <\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">{<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>7<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>11<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>19<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>43<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>67<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>163<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">}<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">D\\in \\{1,2,7,11,19,43,67,163\\}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    ; this is true for a set of density\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"StartFraction 1535 Over 1536 EndFraction\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mfrac>\n                            <mml:mn>1535<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mn>1536<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mfrac>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac {1535}{1536}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    of all primes and in particular for all\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"p greater-than 3167\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>3167<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p&gt;3167<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    . Using this result, we determine all the possible prime orders of a point\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper P element-of upper E left-parenthesis upper K right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>\n                              \u2208\n                              \n                            <\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">P\\in E(K)_{\\operatorname {tors}}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , where\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"left-bracket upper K colon double-struck upper Q right-bracket equals d\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">[<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>:<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                              <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">]<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">[K:\\mathbb {Q}]=d<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    for all\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"d less-than-or-equal-to 3342296\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>\n                              \u2264\n                              \n                            <\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>3342296<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">d\\leq 3342296<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    . Finally, we determine all the possible groups\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E left-parenthesis upper K right-parenthesis Subscript t o r s\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                                <mml:mi>tors<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E(K)_{\\operatorname {tors}}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    , where\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper K\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is a quartic number field and\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper E\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    is an elliptic curve defined over\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"double-struck upper Q\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                            <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\mathbb {Q}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    and show that no quartic sporadic point on a modular curve\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"upper X 1 left-parenthesis m comma n right-parenthesis\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mi>X<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X_1(m,n)<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    comes from an elliptic curve defined over\n                    <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"double-struck upper Q\">\n                        <mml:semantics>\n                          <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n                            <mml:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\mathbb {Q}<\/mml:annotation>\n                        <\/mml:semantics>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/inline-formula>\n                    .\n                  <\/p>","DOI":"10.1090\/mcom\/3478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T09:28:00Z","timestamp":1561541280000},"page":"1457-1485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Growth of torsion groups of 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