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These characterizations use either the total forward or modified partial central difference operators of discrete discriminants, which approximate the total electrostatic energy of the system of <inline-formula content-type=\"math\/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"n\">\n  <mml:semantics>\n    <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n    <mml:annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/mml:annotation>\n  <\/mml:semantics>\n<\/mml:math>\n<\/inline-formula> unit charges moving freely on an interval in presence of external potential given by the iterated discrete weight.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1090\/mcom\/3808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T15:19:08Z","timestamp":1669821548000},"page":"1331-1348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The electrostatic equilibrium problem for classical discrete orthogonal polynomials"],"prefix":"10.1090","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Rutka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"Smarzewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1137\/0503007","article-title":"Another characterization of the classical orthogonal polynomials","volume":"3","author":"Al-Salam, W. 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