{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:38:04Z","timestamp":1791092284812,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MBoC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, there exist two \u03bc1 medium chains of the AP-1 clathrin-associated protein complex. Mutations of unc-101, the gene that encodes one of the \u03bc1 chains, cause pleiotropic effects ( Lee et al., 1994 ). In this report, we identified and analyzed the second \u03bc1 chain gene, apm-1. Unlike the mammalian homologs, the two medium chains are expressed ubiquitously throughout development. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments with apm-1 showed thatapm-1 and unc-101 were redundant in embryogenesis and in vulval development. Consistent with this, a hybrid protein containing APM-1, when overexpressed, rescued the phenotype of an unc-101 mutant. However, single disruptions ofapm-1 or unc-101 have distinct phenotypes, indicating that the two medium chains may have distinct functions. RNAi of any one of the small or large chains of AP-1 complex (\u03c21, \u03b21, or \u03b3) showed a phenotype identical to that caused by the simultaneous disruption of unc-101 andapm-1, but not that by single disruption of either gene. This suggests that the two medium chains may share large and small chains in the AP-1 complexes. Thus, apm-1 andunc-101 encode two highly related \u03bc1 chains that share redundant and distinct functions within AP-1 clathrin-associated protein complexes of the same tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.11.8.2743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T23:57:21Z","timestamp":1372809441000},"page":"2743-2756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Distinct and Redundant Functions of \u03bc1 Medium Chains of the AP-1 Clathrin-Associated Protein Complex in the Nematode<i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1091","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jaegal","family":"Shim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120\u2013749; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHMI and Division of Biology, Caltech, California 91125"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120\u2013749; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1076","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27160","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.43.27160","volume":"272","author":"Aguilar R.C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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