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Impaired regeneration was dependent on genetic background and was observed when partial reduction of HSP proteins was combined with expression of dominant-negative microtubule regulators, suggesting that HSP proteins work with microtubules to promote regeneration. Microtubule rearrangements triggered by axon injury were, however, normal in all genotypes. We examined other markers to identify additional changes associated with regeneration. Whereas mitochondria, endosomes, and ribosomes did not exhibit dramatic repatterning during regeneration, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was frequently concentrated near the tip of the growing axon. In atlastin RNAi and spastin mutant animals, ER accumulation near single growing axon tips was impaired. ER tip concentration was observed only during axon regeneration and not during dendrite regeneration. In addition, dendrite regeneration was unaffected by reduction of spastin or atlastin. We propose that the HSP proteins spastin and atlastin promote axon regeneration by coordinating concentration of the ER and microtubules at the growing axon tip.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e16-05-0287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T22:39:09Z","timestamp":1473287949000},"page":"3245-3256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Spastin, atlastin, and ER relocalization are involved in axon but not dendrite regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1091","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kavitha","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State 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