{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:03:38Z","timestamp":1790507018060,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MBoC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Host response to pathogens recruits multiple tissues in part through conserved cell signaling pathways. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) like DBL-1 signaling pathway has a role in the response to infection in addition to other roles in development and postdevelopmental functions. In the regulation of body size, the DBL-1 pathway acts through cell autonomous signal activation in the epidermis (hypodermis). We have now elucidated the tissues that respond to DBL-1 signaling upon exposure to two bacterial pathogens. The receptors and Smad signal transducers for DBL-1 are expressed in pharyngeal muscle, intestine, and epidermis. We demonstrate that expression of receptor-regulated Smad (R-Smad) gene sma-3 in the pharynx is sufficient to improve the impaired survival phenotype of sma-3 mutants and that expression of sma-3 in the intestine has no effect when exposing worms to bacterial infection of the intestine. We also show that two antimicrobial peptide genes \u2013 abf-2 and cnc-2 \u2013 are regulated by DBL-1 signaling through R-Smad SMA-3 activity in the pharynx. Finally, we show that pharyngeal pumping activity is reduced in sma-3 mutants and that other pharynx-defective mutants also have reduced survival on a bacterial pathogen. Our results identify the pharynx as a tissue that responds to BMP signaling to coordinate a systemic response to bacterial pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e23-05-0185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T12:16:16Z","timestamp":1708517776000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["BMP signaling to pharyngeal muscle in the\n                    <i>C. elegans<\/i>\n                    response to a bacterial pathogen regulates anti-microbial peptide expression and pharyngeal pumping"],"prefix":"10.1091","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Emma Jo","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367"},{"name":"PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Bendelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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