{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:17:00Z","timestamp":1783009020818,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MBoC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In long-lived cells such as neurons, proteostasis involves the regulated degradation and replacement of proteins to ensure their quality and appropriate abundance. Synaptic vesicle (SV) protein turnover in neurons is important for controlling the SV pool size and sustaining appropriate levels of neurotransmission; yet, it is incompletely understood, partly due to limited tools for quantifying protein turnover in vivo. We present ARGO (Analysis of Red\u2013Green Offset), a fully genetically encoded ratiometric fluorescence imaging method that visualizes and quantifies protein turnover with subcellular resolution in vivo. ARGO is inexpensive, modular, and scalable for use in genetically tractable experimental organisms. Using ARGO, we examine the turnover of Synaptogyrin\/SNG-1, an evolutionarily conserved, integral SV protein, in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    neurons. We show that the SNG-1 turnover rate is consistent across presynapses within a single neuron but varies between neuron classes. Notably, we find SNG-1 can exist in two distinct, nonintermixing populations within each presynapse. Furthermore, we present an initial mutant analysis of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">uba-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the sole E1 ubiquitin ligase in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , demonstrating ARGO's capability to detect slowed SNG-1 turnover even though steady-state SNG-1 abundance is unchanged compared with wild-type. These results provide new hints for the regulation of the SV pool size.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e25-09-0422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:01:28Z","timestamp":1779303688000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis in vivo using a new method, ARGO (Analysis of Red\u2013Green Offset), reveals complexity and cell-type specificity in presynaptic turnover of synaptic vesicle protein Synaptogyrin\/SNG-1"],"prefix":"10.1091","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nikita","family":"Shiliaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1580"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1580"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiling","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1580"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherlyn P.","family":"Wijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1580"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Baumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1580"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire E.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1580"},{"name":"Wisconsin Shock Center of Excellence in Basic Biology of Aging (WiNSC), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1580"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1076","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.05.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43281-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5181-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12839"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The GTPase RaB26 links synaptic vesicles to the autophagy pathway","volume":"2015","author":"Binotti B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Binotti B, Pavlos NJ, Riedel D, Wenzel D, Vorbr\u00fcggen G, Schalk AM, K\u00fchnel K, Boyken J, Erck C, Martens H, et al. 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