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To identify the import signal for Tim23p, we have constructed several altered versions of the Tim23 protein and examined their function and import in yeast cells, as well as their import into isolated mitochondria. We replaced the positively charged amino acids in one or both loops with alanine residues and found that the positive charges are not required for import into mitochondria, but at least one positively charged loop is required for insertion into the IM. Furthermore, we find that the signal to target Tim23p to mitochondria is carried in at least two of the hydrophobic transmembrane segments. Our results suggest that Tim23p contains separate import signals: hydrophobic segments for targeting Tim23p to mitochondria, and positively charged loops for insertion into the IM. We therefore propose that Tim23p is imported into mitochondria in at least two distinct steps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.9.9.2577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T23:16:06Z","timestamp":1372806966000},"page":"2577-2593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Tim23p Contains Separate and Distinct Signals for Targeting to Mitochondria and Insertion into the Inner Membrane"],"prefix":"10.1091","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen R.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1076","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.6.2.626","volume":"6","author":"Adrian G.S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. 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