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In this study, we have investigated whether the molecular motor myosin II represents such a target by examining glioma invasion in a series of increasingly complex models that are sensitive to platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, or both. Our results lead to two conclusions. First, malignant glioma cells are stimulated to invade brain through the activation of multiple signaling cascades not accounted for in simple in vitro assays. Second, even though there is a high degree of redundancy in promigratory signaling cascades in gliomas, blocking tumor invasion by directly targeting myosin II remains effective. Our results thus support our hypothesis that myosin II represents a point of convergence for signal transduction pathways that drive glioma invasion and that its inhibition cannot be overcome by other motility mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e11-01-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:07:23Z","timestamp":1325808443000},"page":"533-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Direct inhibition of myosin II effectively blocks glioma invasion in the presence of multiple motogens"],"prefix":"10.1091","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sanja","family":"Ivkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Beadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 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