{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1775020618645,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":349,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Most living organisms rely on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to store their genetic information and perpetuate themselves. This biological information has been considered as the main target of evolution. However, here we show that symmetries and patterns in the dsDNA sequence can emerge from the physical peculiarities of the dsDNA molecule itself and the maximum entropy principle alone, rather than from biological or environmental evolutionary pressure. The randomness justifies the human codon biases and context-dependent mutation patterns in human populations. Thus, the DNA \u2018exceptional symmetries,\u2019 emerged from the randomness, have to be taken into account when looking for the DNA encoded information. Our results suggest that the double helix energy constraints and, more generally, the physical properties of the dsDNA are the hard drivers of the overall DNA sequence architecture, whereas the selective biological processes act as soft drivers, which only under extraordinary circumstances overtake the overall entropy content of the genome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T12:19:52Z","timestamp":1583497192000},"page":"2172-2181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["DNA sequence symmetries from randomness: the origin of the Chargaff\u2019s second parity rule"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1811-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Fariselli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences of the University of Turin, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Taccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAPS Department at the University of Padova, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology of the University of Padova, Italy"}]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Maritan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of the University of Padova, Italy"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070817464890700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1428","article-title":"Evolution: molecular origin of species","volume":"282","author":"Nei","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021070817464890700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/217624a0","article-title":"Evolutionary rate at the molecular 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