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Experimental identification of BLs is costly yet crucial to understand beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. To address this issue, we present DeepBL, a deep learning-based approach by incorporating sequence-derived features to enable high-throughput prediction of BLs. Specifically, DeepBL is implemented based on the Small VGGNet architecture and the TensorFlow deep learning library. Furthermore, the performance of DeepBL models is investigated in relation to the sequence redundancy level and negative sample selection in the benchmark dataset. The models are trained on datasets of varying sequence redundancy thresholds, and the model performance is evaluated by extensive benchmarking tests. Using the optimized DeepBL model, we perform proteome-wide screening for all reviewed bacterium protein sequences available from the UniProt database. These results are freely accessible at the DeepBL webserver at http:\/\/deepbl.erc.monash.edu.au\/.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T04:28:16Z","timestamp":1602304096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["DeepBL: a deep learning-based approach for <i>in silico<\/i> discovery of beta-lactamases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Monash University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5216-3213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics from Monash University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manasa","family":"Bharathwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology at the Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia C","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology at the Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Leier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Akutsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey I","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana T","family":"Marquez-Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, UAB School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Lithgow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology at Monash University, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangning","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072117033002800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00037-09","article-title":"Three decades of \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors","volume":"23","author":"Drawz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2021072117033002800_ref2","first-page":"5","article-title":"The \u03b2-lactam antibiotics: past, present, and future. 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