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Drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), extensively resistant to the commonly used first-line drugs, has emerged as a major challenge to TB treatment. Hence, it is quite necessary to discover novel drug candidates for TB treatment. In this study, based on different types of molecular representations, four machine learning (ML) algorithms, including support vector machine, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and deep neural networks (DNN), were used to develop classification models to distinguish Mtb inhibitors from noninhibitors. The results demonstrate that the XGBoost model exhibits the best prediction performance. Then, two consensus strategies were employed to integrate the predictions from multiple models. The evaluation results illustrate that the consensus model by stacking the RF, XGBoost and DNN predictions offers the best predictions with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.842 and 0.942 for the 10-fold cross-validated training set and external test set, respectively. Besides, the association between the important descriptors and the bioactivities of molecules was interpreted by using the Shapley additive explanations method. Finally, an online webserver called ChemTB (http:\/\/cadd.zju.edu.cn\/chemtb\/) was developed, and it offers a freely available computational tool to detect potential Mtb inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T18:58:20Z","timestamp":1612983500000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Identification of active molecules against<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>through machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3927-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3604-3785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Central South University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingjun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090815331157100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.1943-1946.2001","article-title":"Search for new drugs for treatment of tuberculosis","volume":"45","author":"Orme","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021090815331157100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30024-8","article-title":"Building a tuberculosis-free world: the lancet commission on tuberculosis","volume":"393","author":"Reid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021090815331157100_ref3","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2019. 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