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However, our knowledge of the landscape of the gastric cancer stem-like cell (GCSC) microenvironment needs to be further improved. A multi-step process of machine learning approaches was performed to develop and validate the prognostic and predictive potential of the GCSC-related score (GCScore). The high GCScore subgroup was not only associated with stem cell characteristics, but also with a potential immune escape mechanism. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated the upregulated infiltration of CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the invasive margin region, which in turn maintained the stem cell properties of tumor cells. Finally, we proposed that the GCScore showed a robust capacity for prediction for immunotherapy, and investigated potential therapeutic targets and compounds for patients with a high GCScore. The results indicate that the proposed GCScore can be a promising predictor of prognosis and responses to immunotherapy, which provides new strategies for the precision treatment of GCSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T11:20:51Z","timestamp":1631100051000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Characterization of gastric cancer stem-like molecular features, immune and pharmacogenomic landscapes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Mingkai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestion Internal Medicine, Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Liangyu","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Kangdong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"},{"name":"China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China"}]},{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China"}]},{"given":"Chaogang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China"}]},{"given":"Suxia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8097-2832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022011921023851300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-017-0600-4","article-title":"Intra-tumor heterogeneity from a cancer stem cell perspective","volume":"16","author":"Prasetyanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol 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