{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:30:52Z","timestamp":1770996652508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1D43TW010045-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1D43TW010045-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U2RTW010672-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U2RTW010672-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The two recent simultaneous developments of high-throughput sequencing and increased computational power have brought bioinformatics to the forefront as an important tool for effective and efficient biomedical research. Consequently, there have been multiple approaches to developing bioinformatics skills. In resource rich environments, it has been possible to develop and implement formal fully accredited graduate degree training programs in bioinformatics. In resource limited settings with a paucity of expert bioinformaticians, infrastructure and financial resources, the task has been approached by delivering short courses on bioinformatics\u2014lasting only a few days to a couple of weeks. Alternatively, courses are offered online, usually over a period of a few months. These approaches are limited by both the lack of sustained in-person trainer\u2013trainee interactions, which is a key part of quality mentorships and short durations which constrain the amount of learning that can be achieved.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we pioneered and tested a bioinformatics training\/mentorship model that effectively uses the available expertise and computational infrastructure to deliver an in-person hands-on skills training experience. This is done through a few physical lecture hours each week, guided personal coursework over the rest of the week, group discussions and continuous close mentorship and assessment of trainees over a period of 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This model has now completed its third iteration at Makerere University and has successfully mentored trainees, who have progressed to a variety of viable career paths.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One-year (intermediate) skills based in-person bioinformatics training and mentorships are viable, effective and particularly appropriate for resource limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T11:12:13Z","timestamp":1631272333000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bioinformatics mentorship in a resource limited setting"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1685-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daudi","family":"Jjingo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Information Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Mboowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Sserwadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kakaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}]},{"given":"Davis","family":"Kiberu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Amujal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Galiwango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kateete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Joloba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala-Uganda"}]},{"given":"Christopher C","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90122-9","article-title":"Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and its association with HTLV-III infection","volume":"2","author":"Serwadda","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref2","first-page":"168","article-title":"Elevated HIV seroprevalence and risk behavior among Ugandan TB suspects: implications for HIV testing and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Srikantiah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016137","article-title":"Secondary attack rate of tuberculosis in urban households in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Whalen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200501","article-title":"Antiretroviral agents and prevention of malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children","volume":"367","author":"Achan","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr596","article-title":"Lopinavir\/ritonavir significantly influences pharmacokinetic exposure of artemether\/lumefantrine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults","volume":"67","author":"Byakika-Kibwika","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(52)90043-6","article-title":"Zika virus (II). Pathogenicity and physical properties","volume":"46","author":"Dick","year":"1952","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref7","first-page":"59","article-title":"H3Africa: current perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Mulder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics Pers Med"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.12688\/aasopenres.12832.2","article-title":"The collaborative African genomics network (CAfGEN): applying genomic technologies to probe host factors important to the progression of HIV and HIV-tuberculosis infection in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"1","author":"Mboowa","year":"2018","journal-title":"AAS Open Res"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2016.177","article-title":"The collaborative African genomics network training program: a trainee perspective on training the next generation of African scientists","volume":"19","author":"Mlotshwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref10","first-page":"886","article-title":"H3ABioNet: developing sustainable bioinformatics capacity in Africa","volume":"23","author":"Aron","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBnetjournal"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-021-00611-9","article-title":"A scoping review of genetics and genomics research ethics policies and guidelines for Africa","volume":"22","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.05.004","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing technologies","volume":"58","author":"Reuter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx100","article-title":"A global perspective on evolving bioinformatics and data science training needs","volume":"20","author":"Attwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref14","first-page":"431361","article-title":"Blended bioinformatics training in resource-limited settings: a case study of challenges and opportunities for implementation","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbq058","article-title":"Broader incorporation of bioinformatics in education: opportunities and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Cummings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbu022","article-title":"Bioinformatics education\u2014perspectives and challenges out of Africa","volume":"16","author":"Tastan Bishop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002245","article-title":"Ten simple rules for developing a short bioinformatics training course","volume":"7","author":"Via","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634431","article-title":"What is bioinformatics? A proposed definition and overview of the field","volume":"40","author":"Luscombe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbq021","article-title":"Bioinformatics training: a review of challenges, actions and support requirements","volume":"11","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005715","article-title":"Designing a course model for distance-based online bioinformatics training in Africa: the H3ABioNet experience","volume":"13","author":"Gurwitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-9-10","article-title":"H3Africa: a tipping point for a revolution in bioinformatics, genomics and health research in Africa","volume":"9","author":"Adoga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref22","article-title":"Bioinformatics goes to school\u2014new avenues for teaching contemporary","volume":"9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002244","article-title":"A first attempt to bring computational biology into advanced high school biology classrooms","volume":"7","author":"Gallagher","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.12-11-0193","article-title":"Bioinformatics education in high school: implications for promoting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers","volume":"12","author":"Kovarik","year":"2013","journal-title":"CBE Life Sci Educ"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbt030","article-title":"Integrating bioinformatics into senior high school: design principles and implications","volume":"14","author":"Machluf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.07-05-0026","article-title":"Bioinformatics in high school biology curricula: a study of state science standards","volume":"7","author":"Wefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"CBE Life Sci Educ"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005872","article-title":"Assessing an effective undergraduate module teaching applied bioinformatics to biology students","volume":"14","author":"Madlung","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref28","article-title":"Bioinformatics core competencies for undergraduate life sciences education","volume":"13","author":"Sayres","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbu014","article-title":"How to establish a bioinformatics postgraduate degree programme\u2014a case study from South Africa","volume":"16","author":"Machanick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12599","article-title":"Immunology in Africa","volume":"20","author":"Cose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61111-4","article-title":"Capacity for science in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"385","author":"Elliott","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref32","article-title":"Experience of introducing monitoring research activities to promote quality research among MUII-Plus trainees","volume":"3","author":"Akello","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAS Open Res"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref33","article-title":"MUII-PLUS mentorship programme: lessons from the baseline survey","volume":"3","author":"Biraro","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAS Open Res"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005772","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005772","article-title":"The development and application of bioinformatics core competencies to improve bioinformatics training and education","volume":"14","author":"Mulder","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005616","article-title":"The eBioKit, a stand-alone educational platform for bioinformatics","volume":"13","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-de-Diego","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref36","first-page":"224","article-title":"African Centers of excellence in bioinformatics: an evidence-based approach to biomedical research collaboration in Africa","volume":"101","author":"Hurt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022011921123152600_ref37","article-title":"ACE \u2013 African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Data Sciences"}],"container-title":["Briefings in Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bib\/article-pdf\/23\/1\/bbab399\/42230832\/bbab399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bib\/article-pdf\/23\/1\/bbab399\/42230832\/bbab399.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T21:14:39Z","timestamp":1642626879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bib\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/bib\/bbab399\/6377513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbab399","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-4054","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"article-number":"bbab399"}}