{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T23:42:36Z","timestamp":1776814956376,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U19AI082724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI082724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI109946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI109946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI057266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI057266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance","award":["HHSN272201400005C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400005C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Artificial mutagenesis and protein engineering have laid the foundation for antigenic characterization and universal vaccine design for influenza viruses. However, many methods used in this process require manual sequence editing and protein expression, limiting their efficiency and utility in high-throughput applications. More streamlined in silico tools allowing researchers to properly analyze and visualize influenza viral protein sequences with accurate nomenclature are necessary to improve antigen design and productivity. To address this need, we developed Librator, a system for analyzing and designing custom protein sequences of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins. Within Librator\u2019s graphical interface, users can easily interrogate viral sequences and phylogenies, visualize antigen structures and conservation, mutate target residues and design custom antigens. Librator also provides optimized fragment design for Gibson Assembly of HA and NA expression constructs based on peptide conservation of all historical HA and NA sequences, ensuring fragments are reusable and compatible across related subtypes, thereby promoting reagent savings. Finally, the program facilitates single-cell immune profiling, epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies and mosaic protein design. Using Librator-based antigen construction, we demonstrate that antigenicity can be readily transferred between HA molecules of H3, but not H1, lineage viruses. Altogether, Librator is a valuable tool for analyzing influenza virus HA and NA proteins and provides an efficient resource for optimizing recombinant influenza antigen synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T13:30:33Z","timestamp":1644931833000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Librator: a platform for the optimized analysis, design, and expression of mutable influenza viral antigens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siriruk","family":"Changrob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6413-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Stovicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna J","family":"Guthmiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua J C","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haley L","family":"Dugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher T","family":"Stamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nai-Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick C","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"},{"name":"Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031506405098300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03152-15","article-title":"Design and characterization of a computationally optimized broadly reactive hemagglutinin vaccine for H1N1 influenza viruses","volume":"90","author":"Carter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2022031506405098300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6706a2","article-title":"Interim estimates of 2017\u201318 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness\u2014United States, February 2018","volume":"67","author":"Flannery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly 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