{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:27:45Z","timestamp":1780475265577,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST110-2221-E-038-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2221-E-038-001-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST111-2628-E-038-002-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST111-2628-E-038-002-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are the types of peptides that have been demonstrated to have anticancer activities. Using ACPs to prevent cancer could be a viable alternative to conventional cancer treatments because they are safer and display higher selectivity. Due to ACP identification being highly lab-limited, expensive and lengthy, a computational method is proposed to predict ACPs from sequence information in this study. The process includes the input of the peptide sequences, feature extraction in terms of ordinal encoding with positional information and handcrafted features, and finally feature selection. The whole model comprises of two modules, including deep learning and machine learning algorithms. The deep learning module contained two channels: bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN). Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) was used in the machine learning module. Finally, this study voted the three models\u2019 classification results for the three paths resulting in the model ensemble layer. This study provides insights into ACP prediction utilizing a novel method and presented a promising performance. It used a benchmark dataset for further exploration and improvement compared with previous studies. Our final model has an accuracy of 0.7895, sensitivity of 0.8153 and specificity of 0.7676, and it was increased by at least 2% compared with the state-of-the-art studies in all metrics. Hence, this paper presents a novel method that can potentially predict ACPs more effectively and efficiently. The work and source codes are made available to the community of researchers and developers at https:\/\/github.com\/khanhlee\/acp-ope\/.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:26:50Z","timestamp":1673828810000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Prediction of anticancer peptides based on an ensemble model of deep learning and machine learning using ordinal positional encoding"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Qitong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore Institute of Systems Science, , 25 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, 119615, Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore Institute of Systems Science, , 25 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, 119615, Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore Institute of Systems Science, , 25 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, 119615, Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Quoc Khanh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, , 250 Wuxing St, 106, Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Medical University Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, , 250 Wuxing St, 106, Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital Translational Imaging Research Center, , 252 Wuxing St, 110, Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5200-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Chin Heng","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore Institute of Systems Science, , 25 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, 119615, Singapore , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2023011917093707900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab008","article-title":"Anticancer peptides prediction with deep representation learning features","volume":"22","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2023011917093707900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.09.019","article-title":"Computational methods for identifying similar 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