{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:55:26Z","timestamp":1785174926352,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020","award":["2014\u20132020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20132020"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["813533-MSCA-ITN-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["813533-MSCA-ITN-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled large-scale analysis of the role of genetic variants in human disease. Despite impressive methodological advances, subsequent clinical interpretation and application remains challenging when GWAS suffer from a lack of statistical power. In recent years, however, the use of information diffusion algorithms with molecular networks has led to fruitful insights on disease genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present an overview of the design choices and pitfalls that prove crucial in the application of network propagation methods to GWAS summary statistics. We highlight general trends from the literature, and present benchmark experiments to expand on these insights selecting as case study three diseases and five molecular networks. We verify that the use of gene-level scores based on GWAS P-values offers advantages over the selection of a set of \u2018seed\u2019 disease genes not weighted by the associated P-values if the GWAS summary statistics are of sufficient quality. Beyond that, the size and the density of the networks prove to be important factors for consideration. Finally, we explore several ensemble methods and show that combining multiple networks may improve the network propagation approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T13:15:15Z","timestamp":1707570915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Network propagation for GWAS analysis: a practical guide to leveraging molecular networks for disease gene discovery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7878-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vison\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Empirical Inference, Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , T\u00fcbingen 72076 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5756-4286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Bouzigon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM , UMRS-1124, Paris F-75006 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8361-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Demenais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM , UMRS-1124, Paris F-75006 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Schweikert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021013092679500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71779-1_1","article-title":"Clinical features of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"1049","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021013092679500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1521","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits","volume":"6","author":"Hirschhorn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2024021013092679500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/gm561","article-title":"Why epistasis is important for tackling complex human disease genetics","volume":"6","author":"Mackay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome 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