{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:33:18Z","timestamp":1784233998624,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brno University of Technology intra-university junior project","award":["FEKT\/FIT-J-23-8274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEKT\/FIT-J-23-8274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Polygenetic Risk Scores are used to evaluate an individual's vulnerability to developing specific diseases or conditions based on their genetic composition, by taking into account numerous genetic variations. This article provides an overview of the concept of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS). We elucidate the historical advancements of PRS, their advantages and shortcomings in comparison with other predictive methods, and discuss their conceptual limitations in light of the complexity of biological systems. Furthermore, we provide a survey of published tools for computing PRS and associated resources. The various tools and software packages are categorized based on their technical utility for users or prospective developers. Understanding the array of available tools and their limitations is crucial for accurately assessing and predicting disease risks, facilitating early interventions, and guiding personalized healthcare decisions. Additionally, we also identify potential new avenues for future bioinformatic analyzes and advancements related to PRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T07:49:09Z","timestamp":1716277749000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A perspective on genetic and polygenic risk scores\u2014advances and limitations and overview of associated tools"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2918-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Schwarzerova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, , Technicka 10, Brno 61600 , Czechia"},{"name":"Brno University of Technology , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, , Technicka 10, Brno 61600 , Czechia"},{"name":"Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS) , Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, , Vienna 1010 , Austria"},{"name":"University of Vienna , Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, , Vienna 1010 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7915-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hurta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems , Faculty of Information Technology, , Brno 612 00 , Czechia"},{"name":"Brno University of Technology , Faculty of Information Technology, , Brno 612 00 , Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1918-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vojtech","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, , Technicka 10, Brno 61600 , Czechia"},{"name":"Brno University of Technology , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, , Technicka 10, Brno 61600 , Czechia"},{"name":"RECETOX , Faculty of Science, , Kotlarska 2, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic"},{"name":"Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, , Kotlarska 2, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Lexa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University , Botanicka 68a, Brno 60200 , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5755-9265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology , Potsdam 14476 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentine","family":"Provaznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, , Technicka 10, Brno 61600 , Czechia"},{"name":"Brno University of Technology , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, , Technicka 10, Brno 61600 , Czechia"},{"name":"Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, , Brno 62500 , Czech Republic"},{"name":"Masaryk University , Faculty of Medicine, , Brno 62500 , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9719-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Weckwerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS) , Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, , Vienna 1010 , 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