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However, their development has been hindered by limited structural information and labor-intensive engineering processes. Fortunately, significant advancements in deep learning methods have facilitated the precise prediction of protein structure and function by leveraging co-evolution information from homologous proteins. Despite these advances, predicting the conformation of antibodies remains challenging due to their unique evolution and the high flexibility of their antigen-binding regions. Here, to address this challenge, we present the Bio-inspired Antibody Language Model (BALM). This model is trained on a vast dataset comprising 336 million 40% nonredundant unlabeled antibody sequences, capturing both unique and conserved properties specific to antibodies. Notably, BALM showcases exceptional performance across four antigen-binding prediction tasks. Moreover, we introduce BALMFold, an end-to-end method derived from BALM, capable of swiftly predicting full atomic antibody structures from individual sequences. Remarkably, BALMFold outperforms those well-established methods like AlphaFold2, IgFold, ESMFold and OmegaFold in the antibody benchmark, demonstrating significant potential to advance innovative engineering and streamline therapeutic antibody development by reducing the need for unnecessary trials. The BALMFold structure prediction server is freely available at https:\/\/beamlab-sh.com\/models\/BALMFold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T04:04:36Z","timestamp":1716782676000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Accurate prediction of antibody function and structure using bio-inspired antibody language model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hongtai","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"},{"name":"MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengtao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai AI Laboratory , Shanghai 200232 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"},{"name":"Zelixir Biotech , Shanghai 201206 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangzhi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shwai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai 200032 , China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"},{"name":"MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China"},{"name":"Shanghai AI Laboratory , Shanghai 200232 , China"},{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences and Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China"},{"name":"Shanghai AI Laboratory , Shanghai 200232 , 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