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To interpret the evolution of lung adenocarcinoma, various methods have been developed to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis and functional evolution processes. However, most of these methods are constrained by the absence of cancerous temporal information, and the challenges of heterogeneous characteristics. To handle these problems, in this study, a patient quasi-potential landscape method was proposed to estimate the cancerous time of phenotypic states\u2019 emergence during the evolutionary process. Subsequently, a total of 39 different oncogenetic paths were identified based on cancerous time and mutations, reflecting the molecular pathogenesis of the evolutionary process of lung adenocarcinoma. To interpret the evolution patterns of lung adenocarcinoma, three oncogenetic graphs were obtained as the common evolutionary patterns by merging the oncogenetic paths. Moreover, patients were evenly re-divided into early, middle, and late evolutionary stages according to cancerous time, and a feasible framework was developed to construct the functional evolution network of lung adenocarcinoma. A total of six significant functional evolution processes were identified from the functional evolution network based on the pathway enrichment analysis, which plays critical roles in understanding the development of lung adenocarcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T21:57:08Z","timestamp":1729115828000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cancerous time estimation for interpreting the evolution of lung adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yourui","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi\u2019an 710012,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi\u2019an 710012,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology , Xi\u2019an 710012,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Xi\u2019an Children\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital , Xi\u2019an 710003,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Ruiming","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rewise (Hangzhou) Information Technology Co., LTD , Hangzhou 310000,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Xuequn","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi\u2019an 710012,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology , Xi\u2019an 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