{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:05:58Z","timestamp":1777547158361,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC3405902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC3405902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1300503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1300503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32430018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32430018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23JS1400300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JS1400300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23DX1900102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23DX1900102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Protein sequence not only determines its structure but also provides important clues of its subcellular localization. Although a series of artificial intelligence models have been reported to predict protein subcellular localization, most of them provide only textual outputs. Here, we present deepGPS, a deep generative model for protein subcellular localization prediction. After training with protein primary sequences and fluorescence images, deepGPS shows the ability to predict cytoplasmic and nuclear localizations by reporting both textual labels and generative images as outputs. In addition, cell-type-specific deepGPS models can be developed by using distinct image datasets from different cell lines for comparative analyses. Moreover, deepGPS shows potential to be further extended for other specific organelles, such as vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum, even with limited volumes of training data. Finally, the openGPS website (https:\/\/bits.fudan.edu.cn\/opengps) is constructed to provide a publicly accessible and user-friendly platform for studying protein subcellular localization and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaf152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T23:34:14Z","timestamp":1742686454000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Deep generative model for protein subcellular localization prediction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Guo-Hua","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032 ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Jinzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , 129 Longwen Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433 ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Zejun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , 129 Longwen Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232 ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Yao-Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032 ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Zhonghang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , 129 Longwen Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232 ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433 ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Wanli","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , 129 Longwen Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232 ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Nanqing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , 129 Longwen Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Institute , 699 Huafa Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200231,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032 ,","place":["China"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041107273386400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220514","article-title":"Axonal disruption and aberrant localization of tau protein characterize the neuropil pathology of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"22","author":"Kowall","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann 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