{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:31:02Z","timestamp":1773037862880,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2021 Shandong Provincial Key RD Program","award":["2021CXGC010509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CXGC010509"]}]},{"name":"Key RD Projects of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region in 2022","award":["2022ZDYF0410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDYF0410"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) utilizes intricate herbal formulations that exemplify the principles of compatibility and synergy. However, the rapid proliferation of herbal data has resulted in redundant information, complicating the understanding of their potential mechanisms. To address this issue, we first established a comprehensive database that encompasses 992 herbs, 18\u00a0681 molecules, and 2168 targets. Consequently, we implemented a multi-network strategy based on a core information screening method to elucidate the highly intertwined relationships among the targets of various herbs and to refine herbal target information. Within a non-redundant network framework, separation and overlap analysis demonstrated that the networking of herbs preserves essential clinical information, including their properties, meridians, and therapeutic classifications. Furthermore, two notable trends emerged from the statistical analyses of classical TCM formulas: the separation of herbs and the overlap between herbs and diseases. This phenomenon is termed the herbal combination model (HCM), validated through statistical analyses of two representative case studies: the common cold and rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro experiments with the new formula YanChuanQin (YanHuSuo\u2014Corydalis Rhizoma, ChuanWu\u2014Aconiti Radix, and QinJiao\u2014Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) for acute gouty arthritis further support the HCM. Overall, this computational method provides a systematic network strategy for exploring herbal combinations in complex and poorly understood diseases from a non-redundant perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaf229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T12:26:13Z","timestamp":1748003173000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Decoding herbal combination models through systematic strategies: insights from target information and traditional Chinese medicine clinical theory"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mingjuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Xuetong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytomedicinal Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University , North 4th Road, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Jinghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , No. 350 Longzi Lake Road, Hefei 230000, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytomedicinal Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University , North 4th Road, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , No. 58 Kangyuan Road, Jiangning Industrial Park, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang 222002, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , No. 58 Kangyuan Road, Jiangning Industrial Park, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang 222002, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Zhenzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , No. 58 Kangyuan Road, Jiangning Industrial Park, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang 222002, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Research Department, Collaborative Innovation Center of Qiyao in Mt. Qinling , No. 3, East Section of Gao Gan Qu Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Zihu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Research Department, Collaborative Innovation Center of Qiyao in Mt. Qinling , No. 3, East Section of Gao Gan Qu Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Lingong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116000, Liaoning ,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi\u2019an 710069, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytomedicinal Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University , North 4th Road, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang 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