{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T04:10:05Z","timestamp":1752120605791,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62322301","62172002","62272004","62122025","62302007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62322301","62172002","62272004","62122025","62302007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province","award":["GXXT-2022-035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2022-035"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2108085QF267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2108085QF267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The inappropriate use of antibiotics has precipitated the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, prompting significant interest in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Given the prohibitive costs and time-consuming nature of biological experiments, computational methods provide an efficient alternative for the development of AMP-based drugs. However, existing computational studies primarily focus on identifying AMPs with antimicrobial activity, lacking a targeted identification of AMPs against specific microbial species. To address this gap, we propose a peptide\u2013microbe association (PMA) prediction framework, termed AEPMA, which is constructed based on an autoevolutionary heterogeneous graph. Within AEPMA, we construct an innovative peptide-microbe-disease network (PMDHAN). Furthermore, we design an autoevolutionary information aggregation mechanism that facilitates the representation learning of the heterogeneous graph. This model automatically aggregates semantic information within the heterogeneous network while thoroughly accounting for the spatiotemporal dependencies and heterogeneous interactions in the PMDHAN. Experiments conducted on one peptide-microbe and three drug\u2013microbe association datasets demonstrate that the performance of AEPMA outperforms five state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating its robust modeling capability and exceptional generalization ability. In addition, this study identifies a novel anti-Staphylococcus aureus peptide and an anti-Escherichia coli peptide, thereby contributing valuable information for the development of antimicrobial drugs and strategies for mitigating antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaf334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T03:39:18Z","timestamp":1752118758000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AEPMA: peptide\u2013microbe association prediction based on autoevolutionary heterogeneous graph learning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control , Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing , Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Jiulong Road, 230601 Hefei,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Linqiang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control , Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Daijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing , Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Jiulong Road, 230601 Hefei,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Yannan","family":"Bin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing , Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Jiulong Road, 230601 Hefei,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Yansen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing , Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Jiulong Road, 230601 Hefei,","place":["China"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070923391444700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome","volume":"486","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025070923391444700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D774","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1021","article-title":"Camp: A useful resource for research on antimicrobial peptides","volume":"38","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids 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