{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T04:10:05Z","timestamp":1752120605932,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022ZD0117700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZD0117700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62450002","62425107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62450002","62425107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LD24F020004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LD24F020004"]}]},{"name":"Municipal Government of Quzhou","award":["2024D001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024D001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Accurate identification of diverse RNA types, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), is essential for understanding their roles in gene regulation, disease progression, and epigenetic modification. Existing studies have primarily focused on binary classification tasks, such as distinguishing lncRNAs from mRNAs or identifying specific circRNAs, often overlooking the complex sequence patterns shared across multiple RNA types. To address this limitation, we developed AttenRNA, a multi-class classification model that integrates multi-scale k-mer embeddings and attention mechanisms to simultaneously differentiate between various RNA classes. AttenRNA achieved high weighted F1 scores of 89.8% and 89.6% on the validation and test sets, respectively, demonstrating strong classification performance and robustness. Dimensionality reduction using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection further confirmed the model\u2019s ability to learn discriminative features among RNA types. Additionally, AttenRNA exhibited strong generalization ability on cross-species data, achieving weighted F1 scores of 83.89% and 83.38% on the mouse RNA validation and test sets, respectively. These results suggest that AttenRNA offers a reliable and scalable solution for systematic RNA function analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaf336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T07:38:00Z","timestamp":1750750680000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AttenRNA: multi-scale deep attentive model with RNA feature variability analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0204-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdian Road, Minjiang Avenue , Kecheng District, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, 324000,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong , Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Road, Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6406-1142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdian Road, Minjiang Avenue , Kecheng District, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, 324000,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, Western Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611731,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Nangang District, 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