{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:00:40Z","timestamp":1781730040455,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PUSH CCC-MV program","award":["F23A\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F23A\/001"]}]},{"name":"BMFTR","award":["01ED2507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ED2507"]}]},{"name":"BMFTR","award":["01|S22077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01|S22077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Altered immune states at the time of cancer diagnosis remain insufficiently characterized. Although circulating immune biomarkers offer a promising, non-invasive way of analysing systemic tumour\u2013host interactions, their potential remains poorly defined. Here, we present an integrated multi-omics analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from treatment-na\u00efve cancer patients, minimizing confounding by therapy-induced immune changes, combining immune phenotyping (flow cytometry, FC), multiplex cytokine profiling, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Compared with healthy donors, patients exhibited widespread immune dysregulation, including expansion of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, depletion of CD16+CD11b+ monocytes and CD56^dim^ Natural killer (NK) cells, and elevated plasma IL-6 and IL-4 levels. scRNA-seq identified cancer-associated immune signatures, notably consistent upregulation of THBS1 and CH25H, indicative of systemic imprinting by tumour-derived cues. We further developed machine learning-guided models integrating single-cell multi-omics data (sc-FC and scRNA-seq) to characterize cancer-associated immune patterning and cancer type\u2013related signal structure, while providing biologically interpretable feature attribution across modalities. The models achieved robust classification performance within the cohort and revealed modality-spanning features linked to immune state alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Together, these findings establish a framework for immune-based, multi-omics profiling of peripheral blood and provide a resource for discovering circulating cancer-associated immune signatures. This supports future development of immune-based diagnostics and disease monitoring approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbag320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:42:35Z","timestamp":1779882155000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine learning\u2013guided multimodal profiling defines perturbed immune states at the time of cancer diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8354-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peggy","family":"Berlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutritional Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 22, 18059 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Steinbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell Analysis, Rostock University Medical Center , Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 22, 18059 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Marburg University , Hans-Meerwein-Stra\u00dfe 6, 35043 Marburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"M\u00fcller-Hilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility for Cell 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Ernst-Heydemann-Stra\u00dfe 6, 18057 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Kaps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\u2014Clinic and Polyclinic for Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology, Stem Cell Therapy and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Ernst-Heydemann-Stra\u00dfe 6, 18057 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Henne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Medicine, Clinic of General, Visceral, Thorax, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center , Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Schafmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Medicine, Clinic of General, Visceral, Thorax, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center , Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Linnebacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Medicine, Clinic of General, Visceral, Thorax, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center , Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\u2014Clinic and Polyclinic for Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology, Stem Cell Therapy and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center , Ernst-Heydemann-Stra\u00dfe 6, 18057 Rostock 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