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Extensive evidence indicates that numerous dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a broad spectrum of NSDs. A comprehensive review of miRNA-mediated regulatory will facilitate our understanding of miRNA dysregulation mechanisms in NSDs. In this work, we summarized currently available databases on miRNAs and NSDs, star NSD miRNAs, NSD spectrum width, miRNA spectrum width and the distribution of miRNAs in NSD sub-categories by reviewing approximately 1000 studies. In addition, we characterized miRNA\u2013miRNA and NSD\u2013NSD interactions from a network perspective based on miRNA\u2013NSD benchmarking data sets. Furthermore, we summarized the regulatory principles of miRNAs in NSDs, including miRNA synergistic regulation in NSDs, miRNA modules and NSD modules. We also discussed computational challenges for identifying novel miRNAs in NSDs. Elucidating the roles of miRNAs in NSDs from a network perspective would not only improve our understanding of the precise mechanism underlying these complex diseases, but also provide novel insight into the development, diagnosis and treatment of NSDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T12:12:48Z","timestamp":1552479168000},"page":"863-875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["MicroRNAs and nervous system diseases: network insights and computational challenges"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jianjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Yuze","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Tianfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Chunrui","family":"Bo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Huixue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Shangwei","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioinformatics 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