{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:12:15Z","timestamp":1762459935422,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MAVO program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003185","name":"Fraunhofer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an impressive, worldwide response by the academic community. In order to support text mining approaches as well as data description, linking and harmonization in the context of COVID-19, we have developed an ontology representing major novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) entities. The ontology has a strong scope on chemical entities suited for drug repurposing, as this is a major target of ongoing COVID-19 therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ontology comprises 2270 classes of concepts and 38\u00a0987 axioms (2622 logical axioms and 2434 declaration axioms). It depicts the roles of molecular and cellular entities in virus-host interactions and in the virus life cycle, as well as a wide spectrum of medical and epidemiological concepts linked to COVID-19. The performance of the ontology has been tested on Medline and the COVID-19 corpus provided by the Allen Institute.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availabilityand implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 Ontology is released under a Creative Commons 4.0 License and shared via https:\/\/github.com\/covid-19-ontology\/covid-19. The ontology is also deposited in BioPortal at https:\/\/bioportal.bioontology.org\/ontologies\/COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa1057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T04:10:01Z","timestamp":1607573401000},"page":"5703-5705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The COVID-19 Ontology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astghik","family":"Sargsyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Alpha Tom","family":"Kodamullil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Shounak","family":"Baksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Causality Biomodels, Kinfra Hi-Tech Park , Cochin, Kerala 683503, India"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Darms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Gebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Keminer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-ScreeningPort , Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Geena Mariya","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Causality Biomodels, Kinfra Hi-Tech Park , Cochin, Kerala 683503, India"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Balabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lauren Nicole","family":"DeLong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Kohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-ScreeningPort , Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hofmann-Apitius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"year":"2020","key":"2023062408125196700_btaa1057-B1"},{"key":"2023062408125196700_btaa1057-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000797","article-title":"Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) related coronavirus model","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. 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