{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:13:44Z","timestamp":1767993224759,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31470675"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31470675"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), particularly designed with thousands and thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (big p) genotyped on tens of thousands of subjects (small n), are encountered by a major challenge of p\u2009\u226a\u2009n. Although the integration of longitudinal information can significantly enhance a GWAS\u2019s power to comprehend the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases, an additional challenge is generated by an autocorrelative process. We have developed several statistical models for addressing these two challenges by implementing dimension reduction methods and longitudinal data analysis. To make these models computationally accessible to applied geneticists, we wrote an R package of computer software, HiGwas, designed to analyze longitudinal GWAS datasets. Functions in the package encompass single SNP analyses, significance-level adjustment, preconditioning and model selection for a high-dimensional set of SNPs. HiGwas provides the estimates of genetic parameters and the confidence intervals of these estimates. We demonstrate the features of HiGwas through real data analysis and vignette document in the package.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>https:\/\/github.com\/wzhy2000\/higwas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Contact<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>rwu@phs.psu.edu<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T19:16:15Z","timestamp":1591038975000},"page":"4222-4224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>HiG<\/i>was: how to compute longitudinal GWAS data in population designs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Technology , Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Center for Computational Biology , College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nating","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Center for Computational Biology , College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zilu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Arts & Sciences , Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Center for Computational Biology , College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics , University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Center for Computational Biology , College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Center for Statistical Genetics , Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062213541877300_btaa294-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-017-0533-3","article-title":"Resampling-based tests for Lasso in genome-wide association studies","volume":"18","author":"Arbet","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"2023062213541877300_btaa294-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1214\/17-EJS1260","article-title":"The function-on-scalar LASSO with applications to longitudinal GWAS","volume":"11","author":"Barber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron. 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