{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:58:19Z","timestamp":1773302299329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001656","name":"Helmholtz Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001656","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Munich School for Data Science","award":["HIDSS-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIDSS-0006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001656","name":"Helmholtz Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001656","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conceptually, epitope-based vaccine design poses two distinct problems: (i) selecting the best epitopes to elicit the strongest possible immune response and (ii) arranging and linking them through short spacer sequences to string-of-beads vaccines, so that their recovery likelihood during antigen processing is maximized. Current state-of-the-art approaches solve this design problem sequentially. Consequently, such approaches are unable to capture the inter-dependencies between the two design steps, usually emphasizing theoretical immunogenicity over correct vaccine processing, thus resulting in vaccines with less effective immunogenicity in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this work, we present a computational approach based on linear programming, called JessEV, that solves both design steps simultaneously, allowing to weigh the selection of a set of epitopes that have great immunogenic potential against their assembly into a string-of-beads construct that provides a high chance of recovery. We conducted Monte Carlo cleavage simulations to show that a fixed set of epitopes often cannot be assembled adequately, whereas selecting epitopes to accommodate proper cleavage requirements substantially improves their recovery probability and thus the effective immunogenicity, pathogen and population coverage of the resulting vaccines by at least 2-fold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The software and the data analyzed are available at https:\/\/github.com\/SchubertLab\/JessEV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T15:14:50Z","timestamp":1599491690000},"page":"i643-i650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Joint epitope selection and spacer design for string-of-beads vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Emilio","family":"Dorigatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Statistics, Ludwig Maximilian Universit\u00e4t , M\u00fcnchen 80333, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen\u2014German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg 85764, Germany"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen\u2014German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg 85764, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen 85748, Germany"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062409323237800_btaa790-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8017-8026.2005","article-title":"Phase I malaria vaccine trial with a long synthetic peptide derived from the merozoite surface protein 3 antigen","volume":"73","author":"Audran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. 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