{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:16:55Z","timestamp":1773317815598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MAVO and ICON programs of the Fraunhofer Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 crisis has elicited a global response by the scientific community that has led to a burst of publications on the pathophysiology of the virus. However, without coordinated efforts to organize this knowledge, it can remain hidden away from individual research groups. By extracting and formalizing this knowledge in a structured and computable form, as in the form of a knowledge graph, researchers can readily reason and analyze this information on a much larger scale. Here, we present the COVID-19 Knowledge Graph, an expansive cause-and-effect network constructed from scientific literature on the new coronavirus that aims to provide a comprehensive view of its pathophysiology. To make this resource available to the research community and facilitate its exploration and analysis, we also implemented a web application and released the KG in multiple standard formats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 Knowledge Graph is publicly available under CC-0 license at https:\/\/github.com\/covid19kg and https:\/\/bikmi.covid19-knowledgespace.de.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T07:14:03Z","timestamp":1599808443000},"page":"1332-1334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["COVID-19 Knowledge Graph: a computable, multi-modal, cause-and-effect knowledge model of COVID-19 pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2046-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Domingo-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Shounak","family":"Baksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Causality Biomodels, KINFRA Hi-Tech Park , Cochin, Kerala 683503, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4492-9463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-0452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yojana","family":"Gadiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Reagon","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Raschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9012-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hofmann-Apitius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alpha Tom","family":"Kodamullil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) , 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051705214170900_btaa834-B1","first-page":"1036","author":"Blanco-Melo","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023051705214170900_btaa834-B2","first-page":"e7357","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 research activity: a call for increased output","volume":"12","author":"Chahrour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2023051705214170900_btaa834-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.38","article-title":"Network propagation: a universal amplifier of genetic associations","volume":"18","author":"Cowen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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