{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:43:41Z","timestamp":1776311021151,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HG003054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HG003054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HG011052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HG011052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 CA202529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 CA202529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG057557-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG057557-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG061388-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG061388-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG062272-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG062272-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The overall association evidence of a genetic variant with multiple traits can be evaluated by cross-phenotype association analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Further dissecting the association pathways from a variant to multiple traits is important to understand the biological causal relationships among complex traits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we introduce a flexible and computationally efficient Iterative Mendelian Randomization and Pleiotropy (IMRP) approach to simultaneously search for horizontal pleiotropic variants and estimate causal effect. Extensive simulations and real data applications suggest that IMRP has similar or better performance than existing Mendelian Randomization methods for both causal effect estimation and pleiotropic variant detection. The developed pleiotropy test is further extended to detect colocalization for multiple variants at a locus. IMRP will greatly facilitate our understanding of causal relationships underlying complex traits, in particular, when a large number of genetic instrumental variables are used for evaluating multiple traits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The software IMRP is available at https:\/\/github.com\/XiaofengZhuCase\/IMRP. The simulation codes can be downloaded at http:\/\/hal.case.edu\/\u223cxxz10\/zhu-web\/ under the link: MR Simulations software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T20:18:22Z","timestamp":1605125902000},"page":"1390-1400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["An iterative approach to detect pleiotropy and perform Mendelian Randomization analysis using GWAS summary statistics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University , Bronx, NY 10461, USA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University , Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051709253774300_btaa985-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.01.001","article-title":"Improved detection of common variants associated with schizophrenia by leveraging pleiotropy with cardiovascular-disease risk factors","volume":"92","author":"Andreassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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