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Although there are developments in cancer detection from cell-free DNA (cfDNA), its accuracy remains speculative. Given its central importance with broad impacts, we aspire to address the challenge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A bagging Ensemble Meta Classifier (CancerEMC) is proposed for early cancer detection based on circulating protein biomarkers and mutations in cfDNA from blood. CancerEMC is generally designed for both binary cancer detection and multi-class cancer type localization. It can address the class imbalance problem in multi-analyte blood test data based on robust oversampling and adaptive synthesis techniques.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on the clinical blood test data, we observe that the proposed CancerEMC has outperformed other algorithms and state-of-the-arts studies (including CancerSEEK) for cancer detection. The results reveal that our proposed method (i.e. CancerEMC) can achieve the best performance result for both binary cancer classification with 99.17% accuracy (AUC\u2009=\u20090.999) and localized multiple cancer detection with 74.12% accuracy (AUC\u2009=\u20090.938). Addressing the data imbalance issue with oversampling techniques, the accuracy can be increased to 91.50% (AUC\u2009=\u20090.992), where the state-of-the-art method can only be estimated at 69.64% (AUC\u2009=\u20090.921). Similar results can also be observed on independent and isolated testing data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>https:\/\/github.com\/saifurcubd\/Cancer-Detection<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T20:11:10Z","timestamp":1611173470000},"page":"3319-3327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CancerEMC: frontline non-invasive cancer screening from circulating protein biomarkers and mutations in cell-free DNA"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saifur","family":"Rahaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR"}]},{"given":"Xiangtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Digestive Diseases and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6062-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka-Chun","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051608261959900_btab044-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22364","article-title":"Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution","volume":"545","author":"Abbosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023051608261959900_btab044-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6562","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102102699","article-title":"Selection bias in gene extraction on the basis of microarray gene-expression data","volume":"99","author":"Ambroise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. 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