{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:41:25Z","timestamp":1775666485029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2019YFC0409105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0409105"]}]},{"name":"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan\u2019 Scientific Research Planning Project of Education Department of Jilin Province","award":["JJKH20200997KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20200997KJ"]}]},{"name":"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan\u2019 Scientific Research Planning Project of Education Department of Jilin Province","award":["JJKH20200678KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20200678KJ"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, JLU"},{"name":"Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medical image fusion has developed into an important technology, which can effectively merge the significant information of multiple source images into one image. Fused images with abundant and complementary information are desirable, which contributes to clinical diagnosis and surgical planning.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this article, the concept of the skewness of pixel intensity (SPI) and a novel adaptive co-occurrence filter (ACOF)-based image decomposition optimization model are proposed to improve the quality of fused images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms 22 state-of-the-art medical image fusion methods in terms of five objective indices and subjective evaluation, and it has higher computational efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>First, the concept of SPI is applied to the co-occurrence filter to design ACOF. The initial base layers of source images are obtained using ACOF, which relies on the contents of images rather than fixed scale. Then, the widely used iterative filter framework is replaced with an optimization model to ensure that the base layer and detail layer are sufficiently separated and the image decomposition has higher computational efficiency. The optimization function is constructed based on the characteristics of the ideal base layer. Finally, the fused images are generated by designed fusion rules and linear addition. The code and data can be downloaded at https:\/\/github.com\/zhunui\/acof.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T20:55:28Z","timestamp":1634158528000},"page":"818-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Multimodal medical image fusion using adaptive co-occurrence filter-based decomposition optimization model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China"}]},{"given":"Xiongfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China"}]},{"given":"Sa","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130041, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8412-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020108480468400_btab721-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04011-5","article-title":"Fast curvelet transform through genetic algorithm for multimodal medical image fusion","volume":"24","author":"Arif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"2023020108480468400_btab721-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2465935","article-title":"Multimodal medical image sensor fusion framework using cascade of wavelet and contourlet transform domains","volume":"15","author":"Bhateja","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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