{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T15:38:24Z","timestamp":1779896304420,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01LM013429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM013429"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2050410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Database fingerprinting has been widely used to discourage unauthorized redistribution of data by providing means to identify the source of data leakages. However, there is no fingerprinting scheme aiming at achieving liability guarantees when sharing genomic databases. Thus, we are motivated to fill in this gap by devising a vanilla fingerprinting scheme specifically for genomic databases. Moreover, since malicious genomic database recipients may compromise the embedded fingerprint (distort the steganographic marks, i.e. the embedded fingerprint bit-string) by launching effective correlation attacks, which leverage the intrinsic correlations among genomic data (e.g. Mendel\u2019s law and linkage disequilibrium), we also augment the vanilla scheme by developing mitigation techniques to achieve robust fingerprinting of genomic databases against correlation attacks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Via experiments using a real-world genomic database, we first show that correlation attacks against fingerprinting schemes for genomic databases are very powerful. In particular, the correlation attacks can distort more than half of the fingerprint bits by causing a small utility loss (e.g. database accuracy and consistency of SNP\u2013phenotype associations measured via P-values). Next, we experimentally show that the correlation attacks can be effectively mitigated by our proposed mitigation techniques. We validate that the attacker can hardly compromise a large portion of the fingerprint bits even if it pays a higher cost in terms of degradation of the database utility. For example, with around 24% loss in accuracy and 20% loss in the consistency of SNP\u2013phenotype associations, the attacker can only distort about 30% fingerprint bits, which is insufficient for it to avoid being accused. We also show that the proposed mitigation techniques also preserve the utility of the shared genomic databases, e.g. the mitigation techniques only lead to around 3% loss in accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title><jats:p>https:\/\/github.com\/xiutianxi\/robust-genomic-fp-github.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T11:06:55Z","timestamp":1650798415000},"page":"i143-i152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Robust fingerprinting of genomic databases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Tianxi","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and System Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erman","family":"Ayday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and System Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041407553448800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-003-0097-x","article-title":"Watermarking relational data: framework, algorithms and analysis","volume":"12","author":"Agrawal","year":"2003","journal-title":"VLDB J"},{"key":"2023041407553448800_","first-page":"323","author":"Ayday","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023041407553448800_","first-page":"452","author":"Boneh","year":"1995"},{"key":"2023041407553448800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1109\/18.705568","article-title":"Collusion-secure fingerprinting for digital data","volume":"44","author":"Boneh","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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