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However, it is challenging to combine multiple large VCFs and properly handle imputation quality and missing variants due to the limitations of available tools. To address these concerns, we developed IMMerge, a Python-based tool that takes advantage of multiprocessing to reduce running time. For the first time in a publicly available tool, imputation quality scores are correctly combined with Fisher\u2019s z transformation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IMMerge is an open-source project under MIT license. Source code and user manual are available at https:\/\/github.com\/belowlab\/IMMerge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T22:44:21Z","timestamp":1669070661000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["IMMerge: merging imputation data at scale"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2673-3048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}]},{"given":"Hung-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}]},{"given":"Alexander S","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}]},{"given":"Lauren E","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}]},{"given":"Hannah G","family":"Polikowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}]},{"given":"Eric R","family":"Gamazon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E","family":"Below","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3583-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather M","family":"Highland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010107530938400_btac750-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330","article-title":"The variant call format and VCFtools","volume":"27","author":"Danecek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023010107530938400_btac750-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656","article-title":"Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods","volume":"48","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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