{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:43:37Z","timestamp":1753875817063,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Advances in omics technologies have revolutionized cancer research by producing massive datasets. Common approaches to deciphering these complex data are by embedding algorithms of molecular interaction networks. These algorithms find a low-dimensional space in which similarities between the network nodes are best preserved. Currently available embedding approaches mine the gene embeddings directly to uncover new cancer-related knowledge. However, these gene-centric approaches produce incomplete knowledge, since they do not account for the functional implications of genomic alterations. We propose a new, function-centric perspective and approach, to complement the knowledge obtained from omic data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We introduce our Functional Mapping Matrix (FMM) to explore the functional organization of different tissue-specific and species-specific embedding spaces generated by a Non-negative Matrix Tri-Factorization algorithm. Also, we use our FMM to define the optimal dimensionality of these molecular interaction network embedding spaces. For this optimal dimensionality, we compare the FMMs of the most prevalent cancers in human to FMMs of their corresponding control tissues. We find that cancer alters the positions in the embedding space of cancer-related functions, while it keeps the positions of the noncancer-related ones. We exploit this spacial \u2018movement\u2019 to predict novel cancer-related functions. Finally, we predict novel cancer-related genes that the currently available methods for gene-centric analyses cannot identify; we validate these predictions by literature curation and retrospective analyses of patient survival data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data and source code can be accessed at https:\/\/github.com\/gaiac\/FMM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btad281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T19:04:07Z","timestamp":1682103847000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A functional analysis of omic network embedding spaces reveals key altered functions in cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1090-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Doria-Belenguer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) , Barcelona 08034, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6242-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Xenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) , Barcelona 08034, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9512-7781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Ceddia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) , Barcelona 08034, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"No\u00ebl","family":"Malod-Dognin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) , Barcelona 08034, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1290-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Pr\u017eulj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) , Barcelona 08034, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"},{"name":"ICREA , Pg. 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