{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:07:28Z","timestamp":1776424048138,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM143243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM143243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reliable label-free methods are needed for detecting and profiling apoptotic events in time-lapse cell\u2013cell interaction assays. Prior studies relied on fluorescent markers of apoptosis, e.g. Annexin-V, that provide an inconsistent and late indication of apoptotic onset for human melanoma cells. Our motivation is to improve the detection of apoptosis by directly detecting apoptotic bodies in a label-free manner.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our trained ResNet50 network identified nanowells containing apoptotic bodies with 92% accuracy and predicted the onset of apoptosis with an error of one frame (5\u00a0min\/frame). Our apoptotic body segmentation yielded an IoU accuracy of 75%, allowing associative identification of apoptotic cells. Our method detected apoptosis events, 70% of which were not detected by Annexin-V staining.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Open-source code and sample data provided at https:\/\/github.com\/kwu14victor\/ApoBDproject.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btad584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T17:46:47Z","timestamp":1696009607000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Automated detection of apoptotic bodies and cells in label-free time-lapse high-throughput video microscopy using deep convolutional neural networks"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kwan-Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melisa","family":"Martinez-Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Reichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prashant S","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shravani","family":"Deo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badrinath","family":"Roysam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX 77204, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7524-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navin","family":"Varadarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William A. 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