{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:17:28Z","timestamp":1781666248107,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The affordability of genome sequencing and the widespread availability of genomic data have opened up new medical possibilities. Nevertheless, they also raise significant concerns regarding privacy due to the sensitive information they encompass. These privacy implications act as barriers to medical research and data availability. Researchers have proposed privacy-preserving techniques to address this, with cryptography-based methods showing the most promise. However, existing cryptography-based designs lack (i) interoperability, (ii) scalability, (iii) a high degree of privacy (i.e. compromise one to have the other), or (iv) multiparty analyses support (as most existing schemes process genomic information of each party individually). Overcoming these limitations is essential to unlocking the full potential of genomic data while ensuring privacy and data utility. Further research and development are needed to advance privacy-preserving techniques in genomics, focusing on achieving interoperability and scalability, preserving data utility, and enabling secure multiparty computation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to overcome the limitations of current cryptography-based techniques by employing a multi-key homomorphic encryption scheme. By utilizing this scheme, we have developed a comprehensive protocol capable of conducting diverse genomic analyses. Our protocol facilitates interoperability among individual genome processing and enables multiparty tests, analyses of genomic databases, and operations involving multiple databases. Consequently, our approach represents an innovative advancement in secure genomic data processing, offering enhanced protection and privacy measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All associated code and documentation are available at https:\/\/github.com\/farahpoor\/smkhe.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btae754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T05:31:01Z","timestamp":1738387861000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Privacy-preserving framework for genomic computations via multi-key homomorphic encryption"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8878-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Namazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Open University of Catalonia , Barcelona 08018,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Computer and Data Engineering School, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadali","family":"Farahpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Network Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya , Barcelona 08034,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erman","family":"Ayday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Processing in Communication Group, School of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Vigo , Vigo 36310,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030920015074800_btae754-B1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Privacy-preserving search of similar patients in genomic data","volume":"2018","author":"Asharov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Priv Enh Technol"},{"key":"2025030920015074800_btae754-B2","author":"Ayday"},{"key":"2025030920015074800_btae754-B3","first-page":"2723","author":"Ayday","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025030920015074800_btae754-B4","first-page":"95","author":"Ayday","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025030920015074800_btae754-B5","author":"Ayday","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025030920015074800_btae754-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2017.2690422","article-title":"Cryptographic solutions for credibility and liability issues of genomic 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