{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:55:35Z","timestamp":1780350935974,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R03OD032628-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03OD032628-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R03OD036492-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03OD036492-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R35GM127084-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R35GM127084-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Techniques such as high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) have provided a wealth of information on nucleus organization and genome important for understanding gene expression regulation. Genome-Wide Association Studies have identified numerous loci associated with complex traits. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies have further linked the genetic variants to alteration in expression levels of associated target genes across individuals. However, the functional roles of many eQTLs in noncoding regions remain unclear. Current joint analyses of Hi-C and eQTLs data lack advanced computational tools, limiting what can be learned from these data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a computational method for simultaneous analysis of Hi-C and eQTL data, capable of identifying a small set of nonrandom interactions from all Hi-C interactions. Using these nonrandom interactions, we reconstructed large ensembles (\u00d7105) of high-resolution single-cell 3D chromatin conformations with thorough sampling, accurately replicating Hi-C measurements. Our results revealed many-body interactions in chromatin conformation at the single-cell level within eQTL loci, providing a detailed view of how 3D chromatin structures form the physical foundation for gene regulation, including how genetic variants of eQTLs affect the expression of associated eGenes. Furthermore, our method can deconvolve chromatin heterogeneity and investigate the spatial associations of eQTLs and eGenes at subpopulation level, revealing their regulatory impacts on gene expression. Together, ensemble modeling of thoroughly sampled single-cell chromatin conformations combined with eQTL data, helps decipher how 3D chromatin structures provide the physical basis for gene regulation, expression control, and aid in understanding the overall structure-function relationships of genome organization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is available at https:\/\/github.com\/uic-liang-lab\/3DChromFolding-eQTL-Loci.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T15:20:20Z","timestamp":1738164020000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Structural basis of differential gene expression at eQTLs loci from high-resolution ensemble models of 3D single-cell chromatin conformations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8986-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL 60612,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5691-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammad","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL 60612,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pourya","family":"Delafrouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL 60612,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2773-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL 60612,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24277","article-title":"Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues","volume":"550","author":"Aguet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1262110","article-title":"The genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) pilot analysis: multitissue gene regulation in humans","volume":"348","author":"Ardlie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2012.04.004","article-title":"Genome structure determination via 3C-based data integration by the integrative modeling platform","volume":"58","author":"Ba\u00f9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2013.10.002","article-title":"Large-scale chromatin organization: the good, the surprising, and the still perplexing","volume":"26","author":"Belmont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2012.05.001","article-title":"Hi\u2013C: a comprehensive technique to capture the conformation of genomes","volume":"58","author":"Belton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B (Methodol)"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2688","article-title":"Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position","volume":"10","author":"Buenrostro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14590","article-title":"Single-cell chromatin accessibility reveals principles of regulatory variation","volume":"523","author":"Buenrostro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17141-4","article-title":"Polymer physics indicates chromatin folding variability across single-cells results from state degeneracy in phase separation","volume":"11","author":"Conte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2022.102418","article-title":"Uncovering the statistical physics of 3D chromosomal organization using data-driven modeling","volume":"75","author":"Contessoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12168","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1613607113","article-title":"Transferable model for chromosome architecture","volume":"113","author":"Di Pierro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5571506","article-title":"Chromosome conformation capture carbon copy (5C): a massively parallel solution for mapping interactions between genomic elements","volume":"16","author":"Dostie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt857","article-title":"Higher-order chromatin domains link eQTLs with the expression of far-away genes","volume":"42","author":"Duggal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1139","article-title":"Differential roles of positive and negative supercoiling in organizing the E. coli genome","volume":"52","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2049","article-title":"High order chromatin architecture shapes the landscape of chromosomal alterations in cancer","volume":"29","author":"Fudenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0538-0","article-title":"Activity-by-contact model of enhancer\u2013promoter regulation from thousands of CRISPR perturbations","volume":"51","author":"Fulco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.025","article-title":"Predictive polymer modeling reveals coupled fluctuations in chromosome conformation and transcription","volume":"157","author":"Giorgetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3682","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.56.3682","article-title":"Pruned-enriched rosenbluth method: simulations of \u03b8 polymers of chain length up to 1 000 000","volume":"56","author":"Grassberger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11547","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx784","article-title":"Computational construction of 3D chromatin ensembles and prediction of functional interactions of alpha-globin locus from 5C data","volume":"45","author":"G\u00fcrsoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8223","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku462","article-title":"Spatial confinement is a major determinant of the folding landscape of human chromosomes","volume":"42","author":"G\u00fcrsoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005658","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005658","article-title":"\u2018Spatial organization of the budding yeast genome in the cell nucleus and identification of specific chromatin interactions from Multi-Chromosome constrained chromatin model\u2019, ed. by Robert L Jernigan","volume":"13","author":"G\u00fcrsoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.053","article-title":"Super-enhancers in the control of cell identity and disease","volume":"155","author":"Hnisz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.007","article-title":"A phase separation model for transcriptional control","volume":"169","author":"Hnisz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2018.008","article-title":"Producing genome structure populations with the dynamic and automated PGS software","volume":"13","author":"Hua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141319","article-title":"Genome-wide mapping of in vivo Protein\u2013DNA interactions","volume":"316","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12050","article-title":"A scalable bootstrap for massive data","volume":"76","author":"Kleiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3104","article-title":"3D genome reconstruction from chromosomal contacts","volume":"11","author":"Lesne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2021.06.017","article-title":"Minimalistic 3D chromatin models: sparse interactions in single cells drive the chromatin fold and form many-body units","volume":"71","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1493772","article-title":"Statistical geometry of packing defects of lattice chain polymer from enumeration and sequential monte carlo method","volume":"117","author":"Liang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1181369","article-title":"Comprehensive mapping of long-range interactions reveals folding principles of the human genome","volume":"326","author":"Lieberman-Aiden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B32","author":"Liu","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2653","article-title":"The genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) project","volume":"45","author":"Lonsdale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.06.007","article-title":"Robust Hi-C maps of enhancer\u2013promoter interactions reveal the function of non-coding genome in neural development and diseases","volume":"79","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1146-2","article-title":"Chrom3D: three-dimensional genome modeling from Hi-C and nuclear lamin","volume":"18","author":"Paulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B36","first-page":"1","author":"Perez-Rathke","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1904-z","article-title":"CHROMATIX: computing the functional landscape of many-body chromatin interactions in transcriptionally active loci from deconvolved single cells","volume":"21","author":"Perez-Rathke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13986","article-title":"Topologically associating domains are stable units of replication-timing regulation","volume":"515","author":"Pope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.024","article-title":"Higher-order inter-chromosomal hubs shape 3D genome organization in the nucleus","volume":"174","author":"Quinodoz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4155","article-title":"Massively multiplex single-cell Hi-C","volume":"14","author":"Ramani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29697-4","article-title":"The 4D nucleome data portal as a resource for searching and visualizing curated nucleomics data","volume":"13","author":"Reiff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1741967","article-title":"Monte Carlo calculation of the average extension of molecular chains","volume":"23","author":"Rosenbluth","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar3958","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3958","article-title":"Coactivator condensation at super-enhancers links phase separation and gene control","volume":"361","author":"Sabari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.10.022","article-title":"Impact of genetic polymorphisms on human immune cell gene expression","volume":"175","author":"Schmiedel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.040","article-title":"The role of chromosome domains in shaping the functional genome","volume":"160","author":"Sexton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1896","article-title":"Nuclear organization of active and inactive chromatin domains uncovered by chromosome conformation capture-on-chip (4C)","volume":"38","author":"Simonis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20490-9","article-title":"High-resolution single-cell 3D-models of chromatin ensembles during drosophila embryogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1315","article-title":"mRNA-Seq whole-transcriptome analysis of a single cell","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23884","article-title":"The 4D nucleome project","volume":"549","author":"Dekker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512577113","article-title":"Population-based 3D genome structure analysis reveals driving forces in spatial genome organization","volume":"113","author":"Tjong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-019-0744-x","article-title":"Joint analyses of multi-tissue Hi-C and eQTL data demonstrate close spatial proximity between eQTLs and their target genes","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B52","first-page":"1349","article-title":"Investigating causality and shared genetic architecture between neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.08.046","article-title":"Genomic energy landscapes","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1554395","article-title":"Origin of scaling behavior of protein packing density: a sequential Monte Carlo study of compact long chain polymers","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"2025030422272054600_btaf050-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2013.0076","article-title":"3D chromosome modeling with semi-definite programming and Hi-C data","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"}],"container-title":["Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf050\/61722881\/btaf050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/41\/2\/btaf050\/61722881\/btaf050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/41\/2\/btaf050\/61722881\/btaf050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T17:27:51Z","timestamp":1741109271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf050\/7994466"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Kelso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf050","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.06.13.598877","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1367-4811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-4811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"article-number":"btaf050"}}