{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:42:27Z","timestamp":1784302947611,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62472192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62472192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62372205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61932008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61932008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) combat bacterial infections by disrupting the integrity of cell membranes, making it challenging for bacteria to develop resistance. Consequently, AMPs offer a promising solution to addressing antibiotic resistance. However, the limited availability of natural AMPs cannot meet the growing demand. While deep learning technologies have advanced AMP generation, conventional models often lack stability and may introduce unforeseen side effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study presents a novel denoising VAE-based model guided by desirable physicochemical properties for AMP generation. The model integrates key features (e.g. molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophobicity, etc.), and employs position encoding along with a Transformer architecture to enhance generation accuracy. A customized loss function, combining reconstruction loss, KL divergence, and property preserving loss ensure effective model training. Additionally, the model incorporates a denoising mechanism, enabling it to learn from perturbed inputs, thus maintaining performance under limited training data. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can generate AMPs with desirable functional properties, offering a viable approach for AMP design and analysis, which ultimately contributes to the fight against antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The data and source codes are available both in GitHub (https:\/\/github.com\/David-WZhao\/PPGC-DVAE) and Zenodo (DOI 10.5281\/zenodo.14730711).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T18:36:11Z","timestamp":1739298971000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A conditional denoising VAE-based framework for antimicrobial peptides generation with preserving desirable properties"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8552-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Smart Learning, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079,","place":["PR China"]},{"name":"School of Computer, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079,","place":["PR China"]},{"name":"National Language Resources Monitoring & Research Center for Network Media, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079,","place":["PR China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijieyi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Smart Learning, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079,","place":["PR China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Detroit Green Technology Institute, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430079,","place":["PR China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing & Informatics, Drexel University , Philadelphia, PA 19104,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030422265449800_btaf069-B1","article-title":"Generalized denoising auto-encoders as generative models","volume":"26","author":"Bengio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Neur Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"2025030422265449800_btaf069-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127822","article-title":"Antimicrobial 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