{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:28:24Z","timestamp":1772180904068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62472445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62472445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023JJ40763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ40763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Accurately predicting RNA subcellular localization is crucial for understanding the cellular functions and regulatory mechanisms of RNAs. Although many computational methods have been developed to predict the subcellular localization of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs, very few of them are designed to simultaneously predict the subcellular localization of multiple types of RNAs. In addition, the emergence of pre-trained RNA language model has shown remarkable performance in various bioinformatics tasks, such as structure prediction and functional annotation. Despite these advancements, there remains a significant gap in applying pre-trained RNA language models specifically for predicting RNA subcellular localization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we proposed RNALoc-LM, the first interpretable deep-learning framework that leverages a pre-trained RNA language model for predicting RNA subcellular localization. RNALoc-LM uses a pre-trained RNA language model to encode RNA sequences, then captures local patterns and long-range dependencies through TextCNN and BiLSTM modules. A multi-head attention mechanism is used to focus on important regions within the RNA sequences. The results demonstrate that RNALoc-LM significantly outperforms both deep-learning baselines and existing state-of-the-art predictors. Additionally, motif analysis highlights RNALoc-LM\u2019s potential for discovering important motifs, while an ablation study confirms the effectiveness of the RNA sequence embeddings generated by the pre-trained RNA language model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The RNALoc-LM web server is available at http:\/\/csuligroup.com:8000\/RNALoc-LM. The source code can be obtained from https:\/\/github.com\/CSUBioGroup\/RNALoc-LM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T12:06:33Z","timestamp":1742731593000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["RNALoc-LM: RNA subcellular localization prediction using pre-trained RNA language model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1726-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Chengqian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan, Hunan 411105,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32603,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 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