{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:16:23Z","timestamp":1787940983319,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Korea Institute of Toxicology","award":["KK-2607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK-2607"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2024-00331678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00331678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korea government","award":["RS-2026-25514372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25514372"]}]},{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital","award":["30-2026-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-2026-005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korea government","award":["RS-2026-25520892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25520892"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings are widely utilized to characterize neuronal network activity. However, currently each manufacturer distributes proprietary software that operates exclusively on its own file format. Since no cross-platform, open-source pipeline currently exists. Thus, we created CASCADE (Criticality Avalanche Spike Cross-platform Analysis Detection Engine), a Python-based command-line (bash) pipeline to analyze MEA recordings from 3Brain, Axion Biosystems, Cortical Labs, Maxwell Biosystems, and Multi-Channel Systems MEA devices. CASCADE measures the standard parameters such as: network, burst, firing rate frequency, and also measures criticality and avalanches. CASCADE criticality calculation was benchmarked across six MEA recordings from five manufacturers, resulting in comparable values because all recordings were analyzed using identical computational methods regardless of manufacturer file format. Thus, CASCADE provides a flexible and robust MEA analysis pipeline that can also analyze neuronal avalanches and criticality from multiple MEA devices from different manufacturers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CASCADE is freely available at GitHub repository (https:\/\/github.com\/FA387\/cascade-mea) and can be installed via PyPI (pip install cascade-mea). The source code is archived at Zenodo (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20840795). Data used in this work is available at Zenodo repository (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.19161615). The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online supplementary material.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btag570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:20:03Z","timestamp":1785324003000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CASCADE: criticality avalanche spike cross-platform analysis detection engine, a multi-manufacturer MEA bash analysis pipeline"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Forbes","family":"Avila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Yuseong, Daejeon 34114,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of 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