{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:36:58Z","timestamp":1792647418335,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Motivation: Many bioinformatics data resources not only hold data in the form of sequences, but also as annotation. In the majority of cases, annotation is written as scientific natural language: this is suitable for humans, but not particularly useful for machine processing. Ontologies offer a mechanism by which knowledge can be represented in a form capable of such processing. In this paper we investigate the use of ontological annotation to measure the similarities in knowledge content or\u2018 semantic similarity\u2019 between entries in a data resource. These allow a bioinformatician to perform a similarity measure over annotation in an analogous manner to those performed over sequences. A measure of semantic similarity for the knowledge component of bioinformatics resources should afford a biologist a new tool in their repetoire of analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: We present the results from experiments that investigate the validity of using semantic similarity by comparison with sequence similarity. We show a simple extension that enables a semantic search of the knowledge held within sequence databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Availability: Software available from http:\/\/www.russet.org.uk<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Contact: p.lord@russet.org.uk<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>* To whom correspondence should be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,30]],"date-time":"2003-06-30T19:09:17Z","timestamp":1057000157000},"page":"1275-1283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":629,"title":["Investigating semantic similarity measures\nacross the Gene Ontology: the relationship between\nsequence and annotation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"P. W.","family":"Lord","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. D.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Brass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Goble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"container-title":["Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/19\/10\/1275\/48903852\/bioinformatics_19_10_1275.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/19\/10\/1275\/48903852\/bioinformatics_19_10_1275.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T10:51:40Z","timestamp":1674643900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article\/19\/10\/1275\/184514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg153","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1020683.240601","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1367-4811","1367-4803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-4811","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1367-4803","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}}}